tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21605868931795484752024-03-12T19:44:30.390-07:00Esercizi di dubbioil blog di Silvia TrevesS_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.comBlogger105125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-85242859863252906992023-10-03T08:28:00.000-07:002023-10-03T08:28:11.571-07:00LEGGERE INSIEME<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Ieri sera, 2 ottobre 2023, è iniziata la seconda stagione del club di lettura di Solarpunk Italia, dedicata alla New Wave. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Sul link al fondo del post potrete trovare informazioni dettagliate in proposito.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">È anche la <i>mia </i>seconda stagione e continua a essere un'esperienza nuova; io sono una lettrice solitaria, abituata a ritmi tutti miei, a passare molto spesso da un testo all'altro e a posare romanzi e racconti con i quali non entro in sintonia, in attesa di tempi migliori. Recensisco ciò che leggo con i miei tempi e ho sulla scrivania pile di libri che aspettano pazienti un mio riscontro. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG3OA8edU02-NCQeobag3TwOkaoXoTAnTmqmRfVS3jGv_q4ZjnjEc6rqKUEvO8wRTwkDhW20Ya8FAHU87S1qHBsB1qtnWfXGIbn1iRt90DCgO6GHnJdef63DZ0X6lvf5mr1DtE3ZshbPkio7wS93R6R936DbXpIzLPQXZ_g_3FWd97EmiBHpCRbsu0e-M/s275/libri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG3OA8edU02-NCQeobag3TwOkaoXoTAnTmqmRfVS3jGv_q4ZjnjEc6rqKUEvO8wRTwkDhW20Ya8FAHU87S1qHBsB1qtnWfXGIbn1iRt90DCgO6GHnJdef63DZ0X6lvf5mr1DtE3ZshbPkio7wS93R6R936DbXpIzLPQXZ_g_3FWd97EmiBHpCRbsu0e-M/w400-h266/libri.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">In un gruppo di lettura si respira tutt'altra aria, ci si "scopre" in pubblico durante l'incontro e non dopo, e io ho partecipato alla stagione precedente con un po' di trepidazione. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">È stata, e continua a essere, un'esperienza ricca di stimoli e di opinioni diverse, nella quale non posso essere io a guidare, a scegliere. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Ma soprattutto è stato un esercizio di ascolto. Un'attività collettiva nella quale esprimere il mio parere è solo una parte, non la più importante, del lavoro, e che alla fine dà la soddisfazione di conoscere meglio non soltanto il racconto e chi lo ha scritto, ma anche i miei compagni di lettura. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">A pensarci bene, è un'esperienza molto solarpunk.<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Occorre provare per comprendere fino in fondo.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">https://solarpunk.it/ritorna-il-club-di-lettura-di-fantascienza-di-solarpunk-italia/2023/</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br /></span></span></p><p><br /></p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-29127870944270406572023-09-13T08:09:00.000-07:002023-09-13T08:09:15.155-07:00Niède Guidon, archeologa rivoluzionaria e attivista sociale e ambientale<p><br />
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">L’archeologa
brasiliana Niède Guidon, nata nel 1933, ha da pochi mesi compiuto
novant’anni; ha trascorso la maggior parte della vita non lontano
da <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">São Raimundo Nonato,</span></strong>
nello stato del Piauí, situato nella parte nordorientale del
Brasile. La zona è ricca di almeno 800 siti archeologici riguardanti le civiltà
amerinde preistoriche, proprio l’argomento di sessant’anni di
studio di Guidon. </span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Per difendere questa preziosa
area archeologica e naturale, il governo brasiliano creò,
nel 1979, il <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parco_nazionale_Serra_da_Capivara">Parco
nazionale Serra da Capivara</a>,<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">dichiarato
</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">poi
</span></strong>Patrimonio dell’Umanità dall’Unesco <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">(1991)</span></strong>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFp46cXVUKtCBR4z1NopZhOSZ1nYbcG47jRiagWwhsKNNBtfEhXhCQUwfg83eISR3dVvLvL-lSs6X8t7KUgxOTQLrd8CavaXO2qyAHS2xUqIfRfHrB-VP44JDpLU0ELyGKT_0-Eb4oNPos22ifGznv3FfgMiGE8GVy574KNqyteUeTR9h4GZsZGKDtOc/s792/niede-retrato-andre-pessoa-e1690577954629.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="792" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFp46cXVUKtCBR4z1NopZhOSZ1nYbcG47jRiagWwhsKNNBtfEhXhCQUwfg83eISR3dVvLvL-lSs6X8t7KUgxOTQLrd8CavaXO2qyAHS2xUqIfRfHrB-VP44JDpLU0ELyGKT_0-Eb4oNPos22ifGznv3FfgMiGE8GVy574KNqyteUeTR9h4GZsZGKDtOc/w400-h188/niede-retrato-andre-pessoa-e1690577954629.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Niède Guidon ritratta da Andre Pessoa <2><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Designata </span><span style="font-size: medium;">all’epoca</span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">coordinatrice del
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">P</span><span style="font-size: medium;">arco,
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">presto </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Guidon
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">si rese conto dello
stato di abbandono delle piccole case </span><span style="font-size: medium;">che
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">avrebbero dovuto
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">occupare </span><span style="font-size: medium;">i
guardiaparco </span><span style="font-size: medium;">e chiese
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">conto </span><span style="font-size: medium;">della
trascuratezza.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">S</span><span style="font-size: medium;">coprì
così che, secondo gli incaricati, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">era
colpa delle donne: </span><span style="font-size: medium;">toccava
a loro </span><span style="font-size: medium;">pulire.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Guidon, che alla ricerca
scientifica ha sempre unito un forte attivismo sociale e ambientale,
si rese subito conto che occorreva intervenire, e non solo per
proteggere l’area. Bisognava combattere l’isolamento della
popolazione, la povertà e la mancanza di lavoro femminile. La
sua soluzione fu offrire il ruolo di guardiaparco
alle donne, incaricandole di segnalare episodi di bracconaggio,
accogliere turisti e studiosi e controllare i confini del Parco.
Inoltre, per aumentare le loro possibilità di avere un lavoro
dignitoso e non dipendere soltanto dai mariti, assunse le donne come
guide e contribuì a creare per loro posti in aziende manifatturiere
e di apicoltura. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Attualmente,
i</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">l
Parco archeologico, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">s</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">opravvissuto
alla lunga dittatura militare della Quinta Repubblica (1964-1985) e
al governo avverso di Jair Bolsonaro, è amministrato dall'<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Chico_Mendes_per_la_conservazione_della_biodiversit%C3%A0">Istituto
Chico Mendes per la Conservazione della Biodiversità</a>. Dal punto
di vista naturalistico è un ambiente unico, abitato da un gran
numero di vertebrati di ogni classe. </span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Il
Parco, però, è anche la testimonianza a cielo aperto del lavoro
archeologico di Guidon, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">che</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
propose una teoria rivoluzionaria sull’arrivo dei Sapiens nelle
Americhe.</span></span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">La
spiegazione classica di questo arrivo </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">propone
che </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">gruppi
di Sapiens siano </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">giunti</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
nel </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nord
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">merica</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
passando attraverso </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">la</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Beringia, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">un
ponte di </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">prateria
innevata che, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">intorno
a 15.000 </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">anni
fa, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">collegava
l’Asia e l’Alaska, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">e
che, dopo la fine del periodo glaciale, fu </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">sommerso
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">divenendo
lo Stretto di Bering.</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ma</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
se i </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Sapiens
entr</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">arono
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">nel
Nuovo Mondo </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">da
nord, perché i siti archeologici </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">di
Homo </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">più
antichi si </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">trovano
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">in
Sud America? </span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Già
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">i</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">n
un articolo </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">su
Nature (</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">1986</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">),
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Niède
Guidon </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">propose
un cambio di prospettiva rivoluzionario, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">retrodatando
di 20.000 anni l’arrivo</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
degli umani nelle Americhe. </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">I
dati successivi, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">confortati
dal lavoro di altri studiosi di fama internazionale, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">sono
anche più interessanti: </span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">i</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
ritrovamenti di Piedra Museo (Santa Cruz, Argentina</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
risal</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">gono
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a
13.</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">000</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
fa, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">quelli
di </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Monte
Verde (Cile</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">33.</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">000
a</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">nni
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">fa
e, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">soprattutto,
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">quelli
di </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Pedra
Furada (Piauí, Brasile</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)
riguardano </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">focolari
utilizzati già </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">60.</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">000
a</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">nni
fa </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">e
pitture rupestri</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In
conclusione, spiega Guidon, l</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a
teoria della Beringia deve essere almeno completata </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">da
altre ipotesi, che consider</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">i</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">no
l’</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">arrivo
nelle </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Americhe
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
direttamente dall’Africa </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">e
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">dalla
Melanesia, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">tenendo
conto che </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">–
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">al
culmine della lunghissima glaciazione di </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Wisconsin-Wurm
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(110.000
- 11.500 anni fa</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">–</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
il livello dei mari era </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">molto
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">più
basso di </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">quello
del </span></span></b><b><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">xx</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
secolo</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">consentendo
ai Sapiens arcaici di sp</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">os</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">tarsi
più facilmente su terre ora sommerse, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ma
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">che
allora </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ffioravano
sulla superficie </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">marina,
sospinti anche dai venti alisei. </span></span></b>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Dopo
aver diretto la Fondazione del </span></span></b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/museudohomemamericano/"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Museu</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
do Homem Americano</span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
(Fumdham) a San Raimundo Nonato, </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">non
lontano dal </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">suo</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Parco, nel 2018 Niède Guidon ha fondato, nella medesima area un
altro Museo, dedicato alla Natura, e ha annunciato che a breve sarebbe
andata in pensione. E l'ha fatto, nel 2020.</span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ma
l’impressione che dà questa persona fantastica è che non smetterà
mai di “lavorare”: pensare alla sua terra, alle donne e ai
giovani che oggi </span></span></b><span style="font-size: medium;">hanno
prospettive di lavoro migliori</span><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, e
a sperare che </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">altri umani, entusiasti e pieni di energia come lei, continuino il suo lavoro.</span></span></span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ciò che la studiosa lascia alla sua gente, ma anche a tutti coloro che credono nella possibilità di avere un futuro migliore e più equo, è un'eredità politica, che va oltre il suo entusiasmante lavoro archeologico.</span></span></b>
</p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Fonti
</span></span></b>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">1. Wired
Non Scaldiamoci, diario ambientalista sul cambiamento climatico
newsletter 25/08/2023</span></span></b></p>
<p>
</p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2. https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/niede-guidons-50-year-fight-to-protect-serra-da-capivara-the-americas-largest-prehistoric-site/</span></span></span></b></p>
<p><br />
</p>
<p> </p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-29292133243531524792023-07-03T09:38:00.002-07:002023-07-03T09:45:07.613-07:00 Un mestiere davvero pericoloso? L’attivista ambientale<p> </p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Questo
post è dedicato a Pedro Pinto e agli attivisti che in Honduras e in
tutto il mondo rischiano (e spesso perdono) la vita per difendere
l’ambiente<sup>1</sup>.</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">L’ong
<i>Global witness</i><sup><span style="font-style: normal;">2</span></sup>
riporta nel suo sito nome e cognome degli ambientalisti uccisi tra
il 2012 e il 2021; i dati sicuramente peccano per difetto. </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I
nomi, provenienti da tutto il mondo, sono 1733; tra loro 730 sono
stati uccisi in America Latina. La pagina, di notevole impatto,
mostra grafici a dispersione: in cui una miriade di puntini che
rappresentano gli attivisti uccisi si riaggregano per anno, per aree
geografiche, per il tipo di attività che stavano tentando di
fermare: estrattivismo, agribusiness, taglio e trasporto del legno,
energia idroelettrica, bracconaggio… </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Negli
ultimi due anni e mezzo, chissà quanti altri nomi si saranno
aggiunti. </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Se
restringiamo il campo per concentrarci sull’Honduras (117 persone
uccise tra il 2012 e il 2021), scopriremo nomi come quello di Blanca
Jeannette Kawas Fernandez, che in molte immagini sembraa una
maestrina e che – essendo stata uccisa nel 1995, non è
ricordata da un puntino ma da un Parco Nazionale che porta il suo
nome.</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5sARpyFA6nR3skKBSTcIiAWtLlRPTcab5FAUhzM5OOC3MxPj40KT2WqAMZgYw7yZjE8zkKtLVYa3bGg898TxvD_52SOdJNxlxDVlerIMuO5z1IDjGfN3_Zcbqn5d0rYGQXItu1_RG7BaE4e8wsbOr6bcQk2zsI-WTGiP61oEMpkLaTuaTl_Bc2eSSq8/s237/Photo_of_Jeannette_Kawas.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="237" data-original-width="212" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5sARpyFA6nR3skKBSTcIiAWtLlRPTcab5FAUhzM5OOC3MxPj40KT2WqAMZgYw7yZjE8zkKtLVYa3bGg898TxvD_52SOdJNxlxDVlerIMuO5z1IDjGfN3_Zcbqn5d0rYGQXItu1_RG7BaE4e8wsbOr6bcQk2zsI-WTGiP61oEMpkLaTuaTl_Bc2eSSq8/s1600/Photo_of_Jeannette_Kawas.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fonte Wikipedia<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSTMwsQZOPwaI-GPt5_SYls1ZD5KEdJ-_5Gi0RLyeXWpxecJJB8pqWWP53MgvqCtJk6j5_d7C546SNbKzwfVx5sIDqHmuTcfMo1YtVYn8wyvK-JAVbiPkXOVXSpn05buekyht04XEQ356Z55NDK0cneYzSG3rCpjy7Ccw10PLnTs_J6edsj3N-pfLbICM/s2304/Jeannette_Kawas_Punta_Sal_Beach_Near_Entrance_of_Sendero_Los_Curumos.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1712" data-original-width="2304" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSTMwsQZOPwaI-GPt5_SYls1ZD5KEdJ-_5Gi0RLyeXWpxecJJB8pqWWP53MgvqCtJk6j5_d7C546SNbKzwfVx5sIDqHmuTcfMo1YtVYn8wyvK-JAVbiPkXOVXSpn05buekyht04XEQ356Z55NDK0cneYzSG3rCpjy7Ccw10PLnTs_J6edsj3N-pfLbICM/w400-h297/Jeannette_Kawas_Punta_Sal_Beach_Near_Entrance_of_Sendero_Los_Curumos.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeannette_Kawas_Punta_Sal_Beach_Near_Entrance_of_Sendero_Los_Curumos.JPG%20%20%20">Scorcio del Parco Nazionale Jeannette Kavas<br /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeannette_Kawas_Punta_Sal_Beach_Near_Entrance_of_Sendero_Los_Curumos.JPG%20%20%20"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></a><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">O
quello di Berta Cáceres, fondatrice del Consiglio dei popoli
indigeni dell’Honduras, uccisa nel 2016.</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmqBN--4kw2DDJQA8n13fqRfxBTVklFaMt0nNnoZMOXa1KeKDBDFTnAgZxxYQujj_iBR_lPH213hK8GiaXqIJycC_EoZTTxVZAoteJpZozvYbIqIPdt0MmoIubzoJfZwtX0qJygZc-eHK9ye8Wr8Nqr6ssbzpnNynmDo8JGgtXBx1Tudp_iMC6krlXuEs/s713/Berta-C%C3%A1ceres.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="713" data-original-width="582" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmqBN--4kw2DDJQA8n13fqRfxBTVklFaMt0nNnoZMOXa1KeKDBDFTnAgZxxYQujj_iBR_lPH213hK8GiaXqIJycC_EoZTTxVZAoteJpZozvYbIqIPdt0MmoIubzoJfZwtX0qJygZc-eHK9ye8Wr8Nqr6ssbzpnNynmDo8JGgtXBx1Tudp_iMC6krlXuEs/s320/Berta-C%C3%A1ceres.jpg" width="261" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.articolo21.org/2016/03/la-coraggiosa-lotta-delle-donne-per-non-dimenticare-berta-caceres/">Berta Cáceres</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span></span><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Berta
e Juan Carlos Cerros Escalante, un altro degli ambientalisti uccisi,
appartenevano al popolo indigeno Lenca. Juan lottava per la difesa
dell'acqua e per i diritti della sua gente. È stato ucciso nel 2021, a
41 anni, davanti a suo figlio. </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<blockquote style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">«Condanniamo
l’uccisione di un altro compagno e attivista. Non è concepibile,
non è giusto che criminalizzino le persone, perseguitino le persone
e poi le uccidano per difendere la terra. Consideriamo questo un
assassinio politico».</span></span></blockquote>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Così
ha dichiarato Betty Vásquez, coordinatrice del movimento
ambientalista Santa Barbara<sup>3</sup> .</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">L’ultima
vittima in ordine di tempo è <span style="font-weight: normal;">Oscar
Oquelí Domínguez,</span> ucciso il 16 giugno 2023. </span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cinque
mesi prima era stato assassinato il suo fratello minore <span style="font-weight: normal;">Aly
Domínguez</span><sup><span style="font-weight: normal;">4</span></sup><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pedro
Pinto, detto don Pedro, ricorda di aver partecipato a molti seminari tenuti da Berta Cáceres. Ha trascorso metà della vita a difendere
l’acqua, le foreste e la montagna della riserva naturale del
Güisayote, istituita nel 1987. Il paese ai piedi del monte si chiama
La Labor (dipartimento di Ocotepeque). Minacciato molte volte per il suo attivismo,
soprattutto da quando è divenuto, alcuni anni fa, funzionario
statale dell’Istituto nazionale di tutela forestale, don Pedro è
stimato e apprezzato da molte persone, anche dal sindaco di La Labor
(eletto per il Partito nazionale, di destra) che lo definisce «una
persona nobile che difende le risorse naturali». </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nel 2004 Pedro Pinto organizzò i residenti dell’area contro la
Maverick, un’azienda estrattivista canadese che aveva ottenuto
in concessione mille ettari della riserva del Güisayote (all’epoca, un
giornalista che sosteneva le ragioni dei residenti fu ucciso). </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Le
lotte ambientaliste sono continuate per numerosi motivi: </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">- un deputato tentò di far declassificare il </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Güisayote </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">da riserva integrale (dove non sono ammesse
attività antropiche) a parco nazionale (che ammette la possibilità
di svilupparvi attività commerciali). </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">- tra
il 2019 e il 2020 duecentomila ettari della riserva sono stati
oggetto di disboscamento e deforestazione. Quando le minacce contro don Pedro si sono intensificate, allargandosi dai suoi campi (dove coltiva mais, fagioli, caffé e banane) alla sua famiglia, finalmente gli è stata assegnata – nel febbraio 2023, a 67 anni – una scorta minima, formata da un solo poliziotto. </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span>
</p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY_79YcTGbjBnlI3ikV1ldJH2NH3lONpbqp4NNWAWhJvVY8Idw7zgDovosKgJAkkadQePX8ys2l6eW9I0x8gTrQgmUZ6YrFIMbWXY3_M_9OW6ds1D8KgMPsF6Wloe7srTm4ZTOcIQXtpfUiOwN3lLaZyKlwyWyzDMgAe_wYQw6oXNn904FZVb1STQ8EKg/s960/Pedro-Pinto-960x580.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="580" data-original-width="960" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY_79YcTGbjBnlI3ikV1ldJH2NH3lONpbqp4NNWAWhJvVY8Idw7zgDovosKgJAkkadQePX8ys2l6eW9I0x8gTrQgmUZ6YrFIMbWXY3_M_9OW6ds1D8KgMPsF6Wloe7srTm4ZTOcIQXtpfUiOwN3lLaZyKlwyWyzDMgAe_wYQw6oXNn904FZVb1STQ8EKg/w640-h386/Pedro-Pinto-960x580.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don Pedro Pinto <a href="https://lab.org.uk/honduras-defending-a-mountain-for-30-years/">Fonte</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nell’area
della riserva (che comprende 14081 ettari) ci sono quaranta ruscelli
che confluiscono in nove fiumi, di cui cinque sfociano nell’Atlantico
e quattro nel Pacifico. L’Istituto nazionale di tutela forestale
protegge, nell’intero Honduras, 91 aree tra parchi nazionali,
rifugi per la fauna selvatica e riserve integrali. Purtroppo molte
cotinuano a essere violate.</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Per
proteggerle, gli ambientalisti di La Labor (compreso il sindaco) hanno
acquistato più di mille ettari del Güisayote. All’acquisto hanno
partecipato anche gli enti per la salvaguardia dell’acqua,
cooperative, e perfino attività commerciali come hotel e ristoranti,
gestite probabilmente da persone abbastanza illuminate da capire che
difendere la biodiversità e la natura è meglio che dipendere da
aziende straniere disposte al più bieco sfruttamento del suolo. </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Il
terreno è stato acquistato a nome di tutti, quindi nessuno può
prendere l’iniziativa di vendere tratti di foresta. Uno dei
problemi del luogo, infatti, è la pratica dell’agricoltura
itinerante: tratti di bosco vengono incendiati per sgombrarli e per
renderli rapidamente fertili; vengono coltivati per un certo periodo,
poi, quando la fertilità declina, i coltivatori si spostano altrove
indendiando altre parti di foresta. Prima che la natura si riprenda ci
vuole molto tempo. Pratiche simili, vengono attuate su grande scala
in Amazzonia, per sgombrare la foresta e coltivarvi soia di bassa
qualità utilizzata per nutrire gli animali degli allevamenti intensivi.</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">La
riserva, comunque, corre anche altri pericoli, come l’iniziativa di
un giudice che, abusando della propria autorità, ha concesso lo
sfruttamento dell’acqua a un’azienda, usurpando il potere
decisionale dei singoli comuni. </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Il
sistema dell’acquisto comune di terreni per difendere la foresta e
l’acqua è stato adottato anche da altre municipalità del
dipartimento di Ocotepeque.</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEici3tKz6Pn8aCgaXk7jsVExiBS_eN4QT4TK2kJh4Xuj-r-vcXEEMZ24xD5j_2vwRINLph9U1cUTTi3VvTrCI4cxpm5ZcvgB6o024tT-DwLtK9OomnrBTJgoEfzdRrgUPMf3CWrWQTTpzwR-D0fEX6LE6IMtVO8_43qM5i6ZB7BIr6Q7VtGhGSY4s_pWa4/s375/375px-Ocotepeque_in_Honduras.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="233" data-original-width="375" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEici3tKz6Pn8aCgaXk7jsVExiBS_eN4QT4TK2kJh4Xuj-r-vcXEEMZ24xD5j_2vwRINLph9U1cUTTi3VvTrCI4cxpm5ZcvgB6o024tT-DwLtK9OomnrBTJgoEfzdRrgUPMf3CWrWQTTpzwR-D0fEX6LE6IMtVO8_43qM5i6ZB7BIr6Q7VtGhGSY4s_pWa4/w640-h398/375px-Ocotepeque_in_Honduras.svg.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">fonte Wikipedia, modificata. In rosso il dipartimento di Ocotepeque<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span></span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">1.
Molte informazioni provengono da
</p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Allan
Bu, <i>Pedro Pinto, Il mio monte</i> in «Contracorriente», tradotto
per Internazionale 1517, 23 giugno 2023</p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-style: normal;">2.
<a href="https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/numbers-lethal-attacks-against-defenders-2012/">https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/numbers-lethal-attacks-against-defenders-2012/</a></span></p><br /><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">3.
<a href="https://www.rinnovabili.it/ambiente/acqua/attivisti-ambientali-strage-honduras/">https://www.rinnovabili.it/ambiente/acqua/attivisti-ambientali-strage-honduras/</a></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">4.
<a href="https://www.ohga.it/lhonduras-e-la-strage-degli-ecologisti-assassinato-lambientalista-oscar-lottava-per-lacqua/">https://www.ohga.it/lhonduras-e-la-strage-degli-ecologisti-assassinato-lambientalista-oscar-lottava-per-lacqua/</a></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
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S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-80870397371401764672023-01-05T08:31:00.003-08:002023-01-05T08:43:12.278-08:00Occorre tassare i super ricchi per salvare il nostro pianeta<p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Quando apro un nuovo numero di «Internazionale», di solito mi limito a leggere gli articoli che catturano la mia attenzione, poi metto la rivista in scaffale per ulteriori consultazioni. Alcune settimane fa, però, ho letto con grande attenzione il n. 1486 (1) e sono riuscita a unire alcuni articoli in una proficua (e inquietante) relazione che mi ha indotta a documentarmi ulteriormente.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Il punto di partenza è stato un articolo a firma Thomas Piketty (2) che ho riassunto di seguito, con l'aiuto di una tabella; il quadro che ne emerge dovrebbe farci riflettere.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;"><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">“Diciamolo subito: è impossibile lottare seriamente contro la crisi climatica senza una profonda ridistribu-zione delle ricchezze, sia all'interno dei paesi sia a livello internazionale. Chi sostiene il contrario mente. E anche chi sostiene che la ridistribuzione è impossibile tecnicamente o politicamente”. (2)<br /></span></blockquote></span></blockquote></div><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">I miliardari del mondo hanno molto aumentato la loro ricchezza dopo la crisi del 2008, come risulta dal Rapporto sulle Disuglianze globali del 2022. (3) (4)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG04vcvMbnH5fGEjaRYau1bKUoZ5XvD0SORGWSq18B7pPlWnrLT4ELkJ8wP7v4um25l1nqQ_4p0RzzxpkKsHDHONXsVSy4y4Y0IvjsBBwaapGxKOe3vuv5ZnAPWXvsnOEw8YFPwpOdzgEaU52ITNpHihKSOJSsD4Uo9yXkrJ9Fi17rmfdLq0rqOTaS/s1000/319886874_1515736042256639_3250437146116757302_n.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="1000" height="591" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG04vcvMbnH5fGEjaRYau1bKUoZ5XvD0SORGWSq18B7pPlWnrLT4ELkJ8wP7v4um25l1nqQ_4p0RzzxpkKsHDHONXsVSy4y4Y0IvjsBBwaapGxKOe3vuv5ZnAPWXvsnOEw8YFPwpOdzgEaU52ITNpHihKSOJSsD4Uo9yXkrJ9Fi17rmfdLq0rqOTaS/w640-h591/319886874_1515736042256639_3250437146116757302_n.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Non ho intenzione di rivelare i nomi dei ricconi facendo loro pubblicità. In rete, comunque, troverete elenchi dettagliati; consiglio «Forbes», che ogni anno si dilunga sulla questione.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Vale la pena, invece, riflettere su un'altra dichiarazione di Piketty:</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;">“Ma serve, soprattutto, che una parte delle entrate dei più ricchi sia versata ai paesi più poveri. Il sud del pianeta non può più stare fermo ad aspettare che il nord mantenga i suoi impegni. È il momento di pensare al mondo che verrà, o quello attuale si trasformerà in un incubo”. (2)<br /></span></blockquote><p></p></blockquote></div><p><span style="font-size: large;">In un altro articolo del settimanale (1), la giornalista Audrey Garric fa altre osservazioni interessanti (5):</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;">“L'argomento delle perdite e dei danni (<i>loss and damage</i>) è divenuto una specie di "linea rossa" per molti paesi in via di sviluppo che chiedono un sostegno economico, obbligando gli stati ricchi a far evolvere i loro discorsi”.</span></blockquote><p></p></blockquote></div><p> </p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;"> “I danni causati dal riscaldamento globale colpiscono tutto il pianeta, ma gli effetti sono più disastrosi nei paesi in via di sviluppo, che non hanno i mezzi per affrontarli e limitarli”.<br /></span></blockquote><p></p></blockquote></div><p><span style="font-size: large;">E che, come sappiamo, sono molto meno responsabili dei paesi ricchi della castrofe climatica. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">I paesi industrializzati, invece, si sono arricchiti proprio con le energie fossili che hanno provocato il riscaldamento globale. Il riscaldamento avrà effetti globali, non soltanto sui paesi in via di sviluppo: la siccità indiana del 2022 ha provocato una minore produzione di grano e que-sta carenza andrà a sommarsi ai problemi alimentari provocati dalla guerra in Ucraina. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">In conclusione, </span><span style="font-size: large;">da parte dei paesi ricchi, il pagamento </span><span style="font-size: large;">non è un atto di solidarietà o una dimostrazione di bontà d'animo, è un dovere, proprio come saldare un debito.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Perdite e danni </span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></h3><h3 style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih5ymSf7ZvuZWnWrU6XwK0cRdhwRAcW9pJE8Ns9s6Oxtj7jGABbYwp778IKwvfWiNGWcSBDZ8k6Vj_jkELpvgQqqTDsB-YzYV0L-ZPW4TNQf53yfAKNlGsj0DWgY6ulQ5R5XMoFMXwadYpXUFutlcr8DEbSwyVsysAnVYzqB6AI-b8flS2Ylhunumd/s1200/LD.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="1200" height="429" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih5ymSf7ZvuZWnWrU6XwK0cRdhwRAcW9pJE8Ns9s6Oxtj7jGABbYwp778IKwvfWiNGWcSBDZ8k6Vj_jkELpvgQqqTDsB-YzYV0L-ZPW4TNQf53yfAKNlGsj0DWgY6ulQ5R5XMoFMXwadYpXUFutlcr8DEbSwyVsysAnVYzqB6AI-b8flS2Ylhunumd/w640-h429/LD.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">fonte: <span style="color: #04ff00;">green Me</span> (6)<br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: large;"></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Alcuni scienziati hanno quantificato perdite e danni subiti dalle economie dei paesi in via di sviluppo in cifre che vanno da 290 a 580 miiardi di $ da qui al 2030, e fino a 1700 miliardi annui entro il 2050.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sempre a proposito di </span><span style="font-size: large;"><i>loss and damage</i></span><span style="font-size: large;">, com'è andata la COP27? Poteva andare peggio, ma sarebbe dovuto andare meglio. Per i dettagli consultare (7) (8)</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuArVe7ICkzNnOrgABCPMR8C_e8TEv4YDj-Mpgjc0qAMOluSvvUCnxDcZvWmGyVDW6UcnH2Ft703ximYUyE2owHLdTyhdI6lz4k5PM9SKQXknaJrlwQrVn_uMSo8j1XTdoI2RJfuDZeSDE-sm7Ci9YL1MM0jycDeomFDpXEESbv02XcoQFbLvyIdTm/s929/cop27-ecodellecitt%C3%A0.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="929" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuArVe7ICkzNnOrgABCPMR8C_e8TEv4YDj-Mpgjc0qAMOluSvvUCnxDcZvWmGyVDW6UcnH2Ft703ximYUyE2owHLdTyhdI6lz4k5PM9SKQXknaJrlwQrVn_uMSo8j1XTdoI2RJfuDZeSDE-sm7Ci9YL1MM0jycDeomFDpXEESbv02XcoQFbLvyIdTm/w640-h360/cop27-ecodellecitt%C3%A0.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">fonte «Eco dalle città» (8)</span><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Mentre proseguono, con molte incertezze, le trattative sulle perdite e i danni, faremmo bene a chiederci chi guadagna a dismisura sull'uso delle energie fossili.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">I paesi ricchi: due volte più furbi o tre volte più … <br /></span></h3><p><span style="font-size: large;">Thomas Hummel (9) ha fornito una risposta che ho verificato anche in altre fonti.</span></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;">“Nel secondo trimestre del 2022, le sei principali aziende petrolifere hanno registrato 57,2 miliardi di euro di profitti. In tre mesi! Certo, questo denaro muove l'economia, ma per quanto riguarda i bilanci degli stati il calcolo si è già rovesciato”. (9) </span></blockquote></div><p></p></blockquote><p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdmNCTq5SdO3miVlesP6yITa9Esod5ME0mWIXt83UCjPuA1lxQLR94a6EXTtbQwA3O0Gwhc8fAYlFYM2L94Ay7-5TuK-z1I33wMgBMT7VfoF3TAALJAU7afGU9_daSUVyvIPumDMLFHvrjnfmPUVpmhrb6ctrhlMW1GVVCCXV0VbXRGrv1UgcizYSB/s1280/alluvione%20germania-3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdmNCTq5SdO3miVlesP6yITa9Esod5ME0mWIXt83UCjPuA1lxQLR94a6EXTtbQwA3O0Gwhc8fAYlFYM2L94Ay7-5TuK-z1I33wMgBMT7VfoF3TAALJAU7afGU9_daSUVyvIPumDMLFHvrjnfmPUVpmhrb6ctrhlMW1GVVCCXV0VbXRGrv1UgcizYSB/w640-h360/alluvione%20germania-3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="l-entry__title u-heading-01 u-mb-small" data-amp="amp-title"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Today Meteo 18 /07/2021 (10)</span><br /></span></span></h1><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;">“Dopo l'inondazione della valle dell'Ahr, nel 2021, la Germania ha dovuto spendere 30 miliardi di euro […] L'occidente deve chiedersi quanto vuole essere stupido. I profitti a breve termine sono ancora la priorità? La Germania vuole finanziare l'estrazione di gas in Senegal, poi acquistare quel gas a caro prezzo, e dopo qualche anno pagare i danni di una terribile siccità in quello stesso paese?” (9)</span></blockquote></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Già. Quanto vogliamo essere stupidi, o comunque assecondare coloro che si comportano come tali?</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nel caso foste scettici, potete verificare altre fonti: (11) e (12). <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> <br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(1)
«Internazionale» <span style="text-decoration: none;">1486, </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">11
novembre 2022</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">)
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">Articolo
originariamente</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">
uscito su «Le Monde»:
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/piketty/2022/11/08/redistribuer-les-richesses-pour-sauver-la-planete/"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><u>https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/piketty/2022/11/08/redistribuer-les-richesses-pour-sauver-la-planete/</u></span></span></a></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>3</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>)</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>
<a href="https://wir2022-wid-world.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=it&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=sc">https://wir2022-wid-world.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=it&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=sc</a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(4)</span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>
</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us-news/it/articles/media-releases/global-wealth-report-2022---record-wealth-growth-in-2021-tapered-202209.html"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span>https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us-news/it/articles/media-releases/global-wealth-report-2022---record-wealth-growth-in-2021-tapered-202209.html</span></span></a></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(5)
Audrey Garric, <i>È il momento di risarcire il sud del mondo</i> in
Internazionale 1486, 11 novembre 2022. Articolo originariamente uscito su «Le Monde»<br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(6) immagine – pubblicata non a scuopo di lucro </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">–
https://www.greenme.it/ambiente/clima/cop27-cosa-prevede-laccordo-proposto-a-sorpresa-dalleuropa-per-istituire-un-fondo-a-copertura-dei-danni-dei-disastri-climatici/</span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span> </span></span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(7)
https://esgnews.it/cop-27/cop27-come-si-e-conclusa-e-con-quali-risultati/#Il_fondo_Loss_and_Damage</span></span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif; font-size: medium;"><span>(8) immagine pubblicata non a scopo di lucro. Articolo di Bruno Casula, https://www.ecodallecitta.it/cop27-alla-stretta-finale-per-greenpeace-la-bozza-di-accordo-apre-la-strada-all-inferno-climatico/ <br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(9)
Thomas Hummel, <span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><i><span style="text-decoration: none;">I
soldi cambiano il clima, «</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Internazionale»
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">1486,
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">11
novembre 2022. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">L’articolo
è originariamente apparso su </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Liberation Serif, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">«Süddeutsche
Zeitung». </span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(10) https://www.today.it/meteo/alluvione-germania.html</span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(11)
Angelo Mastrandrea <i>I paperoni degli extraprofitti sul petrolio e
sul gas</i></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://ilmanifesto.it/i-paperoni-degli-extraprofitti-sul-petrolio">https://ilmanifesto.it/i-paperoni-degli-extraprofitti-sul-petrolio</a></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(12)
Edoardo Prallini, <i>L'Onu contro le compagnie petrolifere: "Profitti
immorali, vanno tassati"</i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://forbes.it/2022/08/05/compagnie-petrolifere-ricavi-record-crisi-energetica/">https://forbes.it/2022/08/05/compagnie-petrolifere-ricavi-record-crisi-energetica/</a></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><br />
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><br /></p><p></p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-10416706145734241752022-03-15T08:44:00.005-07:002022-03-15T08:51:21.536-07:00Quanto manca al collasso della foresta pluviale amazzonica?<p align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: normal;">Questo
post si basa su tre articoli</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 1,0cm margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Il
primo</span></span><sup><span><span>2</span></span></sup><span><span>
è pubblicato </span></span><span><span>su
</span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span><span>the
conversation</span></span></span><span><span> </span></span><span><span>
<a href="https://theconversation.com/">https://theconversation.com</a> </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>una
fonte indipendente di notizie, analisi e opinioni di esperti, scritte
da accademici e ricercatori e distribuite direttamente al pubblico a
titolo gratuito. Sono profondamente in debito con questa fonte che,
negli ultimi anni, mi ha fornito un gran numero di spunti di
riflessione. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Il
secondo<sup>3</sup> compare su «The Guardian». </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Ulteriori
dati sono riportati in un recentissimo articolo di Wired.it<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>In
questi giorni siamo tutti comprensibilmente concentrati sulla
tragedia umana (oltre che politica) che si consuma in Ucraina e, ovviamente, sulla nostra poco avveduta dipendenza da due combustibili fossili (petrolio e gas costituiscono il 70% dei nostri consumi e sono quasi tutti importati)</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Tale
dipendenza e il conseguente aumento del costo dell’energia (costo
che, in definitiva, finanzia la macchina bellica russa) hanno fatto
scivolare sullo sfondo i piani europei per la transizione ecologica,
che nel nostro Paese già procedeva molto a rilento. In Italia sono
state tirate in ballo ulteriori trivellazioni, un ritorno al nucleare
e persino l’uso del carbone. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Ma
questi passi indietro il pianeta e la vita che Terra ospita non se li
possono permettere. Ed eccomi qua a ricordare che la foresta
amazzonica non è soltanto un gran mucchio di alberi. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span><br /><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b>Lo
stato delle cose in Amazzonia</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><sup><span><span>2</span></span></sup></b></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b> </b></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b></b></span></span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgp9qTCun3Xo58CA5APHiSJxJ_-NiAy9FvdLPsni3s-kB1AD7GWMKE5kCCNvBNedOGbkZKgPgwfdIkv9BpQCOHtohruwG3rESP3vdurabQWnYfiI4gKhaJ-RImdnh_DDAmhE0jaJs3IM8D9hMDZHeOrh1rZ15vjnkBZxug8LRlGwxd73Dm5X5V_fzsg=s300" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgp9qTCun3Xo58CA5APHiSJxJ_-NiAy9FvdLPsni3s-kB1AD7GWMKE5kCCNvBNedOGbkZKgPgwfdIkv9BpQCOHtohruwG3rESP3vdurabQWnYfiI4gKhaJ-RImdnh_DDAmhE0jaJs3IM8D9hMDZHeOrh1rZ15vjnkBZxug8LRlGwxd73Dm5X5V_fzsg=w640-h358" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.scienzaverde.it/cronaca-ambientale-blog/importanza-della-foresta-amazzonica/</span></p><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b><br /></b>Con
i suoi 5,5 milioni di kmq (il 20% degli originari 6,7 milioni è già stato distrutto), la foresta pluviale
amazzonica è la più grande del suo genere e ospita un </span><span>decimo
di </span><span>tutte le specie </span><span>viventi
</span><span>conosciute. </span><span>Molte
altre, probabilmente, non faremo in tempo a conoscerle e
classificarle.</span></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>L'Amazzonia
esiste </span><span>così com’è da almeno 55
milioni di anni, </span><span>ma il processo di
disboscamento procede a gran velocità: </span><span>nel
corso del 2020 il Brasile ha perso quasi 38 kmq di vegetazione al giorno, equivalenti a ventiquattro alberi
ogni secondo</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><sup><span><span>3</span></span></sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Diversi
gruppi di scienziati e ambientalisti affermano che, a causa del
cambiamento climatico, oltre il 75% dell'ecosistema ha perso
resilienza dall'inizio degli anni Duemila. Il processo è più
evidente nelle aree più vicine all'attività umana e in quelle dove
le precipitazioni sono più scarse.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><br />
La
RESILIENZA di un ecosistema – vale a dire la sua capacità di
mantenere processi abituali come la ricrescita della vegetazione dopo
la siccità – è difficile da quantificare. Willcock e
collaboratori<sup>2</sup> hanno esaminato le immagini
satellitari di aree remote della foresta amazzonica negli anni fra il
1991 e il 2016 e misurato la <i>profondità ottica della vegetazione
</i><span style="font-style: normal;">[</span><span style="font-style: normal;">cioè
</span><span style="font-style: normal;">quanto un mezzo, in questo
caso l</span><span style="font-style: normal;">o </span><span style="font-style: normal;">spessore
</span><span style="font-style: normal;">dell</span><span style="font-style: normal;">a
vegetazione, sia opaco alla luce]</span><i>. </i> Ne hanno concluso
che la biomassa forestale recupera più lentamente mentre lo stress
ambientale aumenta.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><br />
Secondo
lo studio, periodi secchi più duraturi e condizioni generali più
secche provocate dai cambiamenti climatici minano la capacità della
foresta pluviale di riprendersi dalle successive siccità. Le specie
arboree sensibili alla siccità vengono sostituite da altre più
resistenti, ma a un ritmo molto più lento rispetto ai rapidi cambiamenti
del clima regionale.<br />
<br />
<b> </b></span></span></span></span></p><h2 align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b>Rallentamento critico</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><sup><span><span>2</span></span></sup><span><span></span></span></span></span></h2><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><br />
L’Amazzonia,
cioè, si sta avvicinando a un punto critico che, se superato,
porterebbe al rapido trasformarsi della foresta pluviale in una
prateria secca o in savana.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Il
<u>rallentamento critico</u> è un processo durante il quale più un
ecosistema diminuisce la propria resilienza e meno è in grado di
risollevarsi. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Se
lo stress persiste, diventa più probabile che l'ecosistema raggiunga
un punto in cui scivola bruscamente in un nuovo stato. </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><span style="text-decoration: none;">In
altre parole, il </span><u>rallentamento critico </u><u>è l'avvertimento precoce</u> di un imminente collasso.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Altre
ricerche sugli appezzamenti di foresta pluviale supportano
l'affermazione dello studio di Wilcock e collaboratori: la biomassa
nella foresta pluviale sta impiegando più tempo per riprendersi
dallo stress. Gli alberi muoiono più spesso e ricrescono più
lentamente, contribuendo a una riduzione complessiva della biomassa
amazzonica totale.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b>Il
destino dell'Amazzonia</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b></b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><sup><span><span>4</span></span></sup></b></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b> </b></span><span><br />
</span><span>I</span><span>
dati </span><span>di questa ricerca </span><span>non
</span><span>svelano </span><span>quando
potrebbe verificarsi una transizione critica o se essa sia </span><span>già
in corso. </span><span>Ma, oltre al
cambiamento climatico di per sé, altre gravi fonti di stress, stanno
agendo contemporaneamente: </span><span>la
costruzione di </span><span>strade,
l'espansione dei terreni agricoli</span><span>…</span><span>
</span><span>Ma</span><span>,
soprattutto, il disboscamento </span><span>dovuto
agli </span><span>allevatori e </span><span>agli
</span><span>agricoltori </span><span>che
</span><span>non solo disboscano ma </span><span>bruciano
i detriti per far posto a coltivazioni e bestiame. I fuochi possono </span><span>poi incendiare </span><span>la
torba, materia organica concentrata nel suolo, che rilascia ingenti
quantità di carbonio nell'atmosfera. Da enorme bacino in grado di
catturare la CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>
l'Amazzonia si sta trasformando in una fonte d</span><span>i
gas serra.</span><span> </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Il
fenomeno è complesso: </span></b><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">l'Amazzonia
</span></b><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">agisce come
una sensibilissima </span></b><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">macchina
idrologica:</span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> gli
</span>alberi assorbono la pioggia e rilasciano vapore acqueo con la
fotosintesi, </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>Come
spiega Luciana Vanni Gatti, (Istituto nazionale di ricerca spaziale
del Brasile) </span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>l'evapotraspirazione è fondamentale per produrre
precipitazioni</span></span><span><span>.
</span></span><span><span>l’</span></span><span><span>Amazzonia
può immetterne nell'aria una quantità paragonabile a quella che il
Rio delle Amazzoni scarica nell'oceano. Si tratta di una quantità
enorme di vapore acqueo nell'atmosfera</span></span></span><sup><span><span>4</span></span></sup><span><span>.
</span></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span><span></span></span></span>
<p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHakGlYb1D7uv1PNUCfExezTFOBbMPsmzo1fG_HywqviuZVk7m5xrZEfBi_npjqaTbQW--cTT2t_N_ZKLXMlJQD9Vf-4dcU9uduD5cVv_jRLQ115O5qFTiPBRFGxafC3IWu5au003BO8KkDNkMXGnqJEMHMJhaLtYqEUzc_X36fdTtbKIlMdbcBsEX=s657" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="657" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHakGlYb1D7uv1PNUCfExezTFOBbMPsmzo1fG_HywqviuZVk7m5xrZEfBi_npjqaTbQW--cTT2t_N_ZKLXMlJQD9Vf-4dcU9uduD5cVv_jRLQ115O5qFTiPBRFGxafC3IWu5au003BO8KkDNkMXGnqJEMHMJhaLtYqEUzc_X36fdTtbKIlMdbcBsEX=w400-h329" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://it.ovalengineering.com/rainforests-water-pump-455002</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
<p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Una
delle fonti di stress più pericolosa è, attualmente, la politica
del governo brasiliano<sup>3</sup>. </span></span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Il
collasso della foresta pluviale amazzonica è inevitabile se Jair
Bolsonaro rimane presidente del Brasile.</span></span></span></span></span></blockquote><p> </p><p> <b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Un tipo pericoloso</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><sup>3</sup></span></span></span></span></span></b> </p><p> <br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgysGasxlRhPNyf87ddILEWZTzV5xdPvHCLZ6V3hZsYUiIFNKH59QyrXBV9IgdkJ8cSRAZNGZOHkx4V9d1EbQsd6rZyGupj3PvlW2v8vimhOH0qxg3u8NQEJs28tvkeqv0QljqLSGzfXx3ErGY5ed6DnSTaxZwjflsceci8AJ7tRolmUVBIrt8Pc6S2=s640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="640" height="469" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgysGasxlRhPNyf87ddILEWZTzV5xdPvHCLZ6V3hZsYUiIFNKH59QyrXBV9IgdkJ8cSRAZNGZOHkx4V9d1EbQsd6rZyGupj3PvlW2v8vimhOH0qxg3u8NQEJs28tvkeqv0QljqLSGzfXx3ErGY5ed6DnSTaxZwjflsceci8AJ7tRolmUVBIrt8Pc6S2=w640-h469" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://greenreport.it/news/aree-protette-e-biodiversita/greenpeace-con-bolsonaro-la-deforestazione-dellamazzonia-e-aumentata-del-75/</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span></span></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Questo
hanno dichiarato accademici e attivisti ambientali, sostenendo che il
leader di estrema destra è più interessato a placare la potente
lobby dell'agrobusiness e a sfruttare i mercati globali che premiano
i comportamenti distruttivi che a salvare la foresta. Infatti: </span></span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;">–
</span><span><span style="color: black;"><span>Lo
scorso anno </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>il
Congresso ha </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>smorzato</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>
gli standard per le valutazioni di impatto ambientale e una
commissione ha approvato un disegno di legge </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>c</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>he,
</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>secondo
<i>Greenpeace Brazil</i>, </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>
rende </span></span><span>irrealizzabili le
demarcazioni, consent</span><span>e</span><span>
l’annullamento delle </span><span><i>Terras
Indígenas</i></span><span> apr</span><span>endole</span><span>
a imprese predatorie come </span><span>le
</span><span>miniere, a strade e </span><span>a
</span><span>grandi centrali idroelettriche. </span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMZrNFqNh2MoZLb_g7NNV0HMLzLxaVXkZ8jmPMEHuW_fzpUqfBWInycWazcWf-zdXFXWfrTqzMvWpDQovDDUcjE61NITH_wNK8APVhSQ_OJC2fGsnolfDn7ABmnjZ7iO1ogliY8GRCzNR4zr2Cm0Z9NTFnnDMw-CilQ94QvxFCtbNiFq5Ehk_ojUC9=s712" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="712" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMZrNFqNh2MoZLb_g7NNV0HMLzLxaVXkZ8jmPMEHuW_fzpUqfBWInycWazcWf-zdXFXWfrTqzMvWpDQovDDUcjE61NITH_wNK8APVhSQ_OJC2fGsnolfDn7ABmnjZ7iO1ogliY8GRCzNR4zr2Cm0Z9NTFnnDMw-CilQ94QvxFCtbNiFq5Ehk_ojUC9=w640-h640" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://mirim-org.translate.goog/pt-br/terras-indigenas?_x_tr_sl=pt&_x_tr_tl=it&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=sc</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="color: black;"><br /><span>–
</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>Nel
luglio 2021 </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>la
camera bassa avrebbe dovuto </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>esprimersi
sulla legalizzazione delle proprietà </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>invase
illegalmente e sgomberate prima del 2014. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>Ma
nello stesso periodo il governo ha trasferito </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>la
responsabilità del monitoraggio satellitare degli incendi boschivi
dall'Istituto nazionale per la ricerca spaziale </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>(presso cui lavora Luciana Vanni Gatti)</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>, organizzazione scientificamente solida che </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>ha svolto il suo compito </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>per
decenni, </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>all’Istituto
</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>nazionale
di meteorologia, </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>controllato
dal </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>ministero
dell'agricoltura e d</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>a</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span>l
settore agricolo.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;">–
<span><span>Da
quando Bolsonaro ha preso il potere nel 2019, la deforestazione e gli
incendi in Amazzonia hanno raggiunto i livelli più alti in oltre un
decennio, perché, nei periodi secchi, l’erba è facile esca per
il fuoco. </span></span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjB23BWK8tlR5VrY5efy9dMxebmcDW6eEcdpELwW3dGqsVNy1rECjHEefJD6Ob3jwiypot8vjs-3LZrzA5fB5PoBcPEI-GtYhoDLeWsF2RYq9zRYDAAwunt7GipxwtCJhWyGZommemKX0KZuaj0gpSMDUTa5QLh8KZjwKEfcqcfBzJmgfnnBwWI_NIY=s1280" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjB23BWK8tlR5VrY5efy9dMxebmcDW6eEcdpELwW3dGqsVNy1rECjHEefJD6Ob3jwiypot8vjs-3LZrzA5fB5PoBcPEI-GtYhoDLeWsF2RYq9zRYDAAwunt7GipxwtCJhWyGZommemKX0KZuaj0gpSMDUTa5QLh8KZjwKEfcqcfBzJmgfnnBwWI_NIY=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> https://www.open.online/2020/05/09/gennaio-spariti-1200-km-foresta-amazzonica-bolsonaro-taglia-fondi-forestali/</span><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
<p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Gli
scienziati sospettano che la foresta pluviale stia scivolando in una
serie di circoli viziosi. A livello locale, il disboscamento e gli
incendi hanno portato a siccità prolungate e temperature più
elevate, che a loro volta indeboliscono la resilienza dell'ecosistema
e provocano atri incendi.<br />
A livello globale lo sgombero del
suolo sta trasformando la regione amazzonica da amica del clima a sua
nemica. Uno studio pubblicato su <i>Nature</i> rivela che la
combustione delle foreste ora produce circa tre volte più CO<sub>2</sub>
di quella che la vegetazione rimanente è in grado di assorbire.
Questo accelera il riscaldamento globale e la crisi si avvita sempre
più.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><b>Il
governo può fare la differenza<sup>3</sup></b></span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Le
forze del mercato globale sono in parte responsabili di questo
circolo vizioso: la deforestazione tende ad aumentare quando i prezzi
di soia, carne bovina e oro sono alti. Nessun governo, di qualsiasi
orientamento, è riuscito a fermare completamente il disboscamento
negli ultimi quattro decenni. Ma le politiche governative fanno la
differenza.<br />
Tra il 2004 e il 2012, la deforestazione amazzonica
è diminuita dell'80% sotto l'amministrazione del Partito dei
Lavoratori di Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. </span></span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Bolsonaro,
invece, ha costantemente smantellato o screditato i meccanismi che
l'hanno permesso: monitoraggio satellitare, personale sul campo e
legislazione per punire i trasgressori e delimitare la terra indigena
e le aree di conservazione.<br />
<br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>
La cosa principale che
questo governo [di Bolsonaro] ha fatto è minare la capacità dello
stato di contrastare la deforestazione illegale. </span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p> </p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgRl7kRD9BaNO5Y7HgJqZe2ldJvGw7ikaaYiCgmb9gKfBTZhQwVZEnO9TBgEx5UhO4omaWjRk83ftsa98h1UuuYrnBM5U-tfNQuMwcPjPeyWZI513GG1fjeedLtNe4EvUmfQWY90Lp_XYJwMRZLxjpuJwVmxNbP9UKOqwBDSMmJRDR8KtLbZzugA59Z=s2362" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1537" data-original-width="2362" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgRl7kRD9BaNO5Y7HgJqZe2ldJvGw7ikaaYiCgmb9gKfBTZhQwVZEnO9TBgEx5UhO4omaWjRk83ftsa98h1UuuYrnBM5U-tfNQuMwcPjPeyWZI513GG1fjeedLtNe4EvUmfQWY90Lp_XYJwMRZLxjpuJwVmxNbP9UKOqwBDSMmJRDR8KtLbZzugA59Z=w400-h260" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.iea.usp.br/midiateca/foto/eventos-2011/o-codigo-florestal-brasileiro-entre-a-producao-e-a-conservacao-ambiental/marcio-astrini-2/image_view_fullscreen</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
<p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>ha
affermato Marcio Astrini, segretario esecutivo dell'Osservatorio
brasiliano sul clima, una rete di 50 organizzazioni della società
civile.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><br />
I
mercati e l’opinione dei consumatori contano, ovviamente, e diverse
catene di supermercati (Iceland, Waitrose, Tesco, Lidl, Sainsbury's)
hanno firmato una lettera aperta avvertendo che ulteriori erosioni
della legislazione ambientale e dei diritti delle popolazioni
indigene le spingerebbero a riconsiderare l'utilizzo di prodotti
agricoli brasiliani. </span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Ma conta anche il fatto che sul mercato globale
i prezzi delle materie prime rimangono alti: la domanda è forte soprattutto in Cina, dove il governo pone l'approvvigionamento di
risorse al di sopra dell'etica ambientale e la pressione dei media è
limitata da una severa censura. La Cina è, con ampio margine, il
mercato più grande del Brasile.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Tanto per dare qualche numero: <br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Il valore commerciale dell'interscambio Brasile-Cina vale 87.7 miliardi di dollari sulle esportazioni brasiliane in Cina e
47.6 miliardi sulle importazioni di prodotti cinesi in Brasile. Pechino è
il primo partner in entrambe le direzioni fonte<sup>5</sup></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><sup></sup></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><b>In
conclusione</b> </span></span></span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>A.
Se la soglia critica verso il collasso amazzonico non è stata ancora
superata, gli effetti combinati di tutti questi elementi potrebbero
farla giungere prima di quanto si è supposto finora. Una volta iniziata la transizione verso uno stato ambientale differente, potrebbero bastare
pochi decenni per completarla.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>B.
Se non invertiremo le emissioni globali di gas serra, non ridurremo
la pressione locale sulla foresta pluviale e non conserveremo gli
habitat per contrastare gli effetti di un clima più secco, forse
saremo le ultime generazioni a condividere un pianeta con questi
ecosistemi.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>C.
Come ha riassunto Astrini:</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>Ora
è chiaro che una soluzione per l'Amazzonia può essere possibile
solo se cambiamo governo. Non c'è speranza se Bolsonaro sarà
rieletto presidente. O l'Amazzonia o Bolsonaro. Non c'è spazio per
entrambi.</span></span></span></span></span></blockquote><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span>
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdwP2DLzie6sXg_rezHFMK2RZiRHOXPVUvybwpEAVrypl62aT24Hsj3WzgEtF1Mq0fvbOgwGuXiPp_rYWecPIsRoHqZyabApWTd1aPLWYkJ4oDKi3Rm1eEYBKy6GfeDLNDIz7-6ZKNClMdjQelg0Ek-DE-OALVX3Qkkc3Yyxks0mPbUKF3rgg_J_f9=s1114" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="1114" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdwP2DLzie6sXg_rezHFMK2RZiRHOXPVUvybwpEAVrypl62aT24Hsj3WzgEtF1Mq0fvbOgwGuXiPp_rYWecPIsRoHqZyabApWTd1aPLWYkJ4oDKi3Rm1eEYBKy6GfeDLNDIz7-6ZKNClMdjQelg0Ek-DE-OALVX3Qkkc3Yyxks0mPbUKF3rgg_J_f9=w640-h320" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto Alessio Spinaci https://www.dinamopress.it/news/linea-domani-la-crisi-climatica-le-minacce-difensori-dellambiente/<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span>D.
Amazzonia non significa soltanto ecosistemi, ma anche popolazioni
native che intendono difendere i loro diritti </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><span><span>(la regione è abitata da circa 350 popolazioni indigene)</span></span>. Nel 2020 in America
Latina sono stati uccisi 170 attivisti. Quasi il 70% di loro
conduceva battaglie contro la deforestazione<sup>6</sup>.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span>E.
Le elezioni per la presidenza brasiliana si terranno nell’ottobre
2022.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> Gianluca Ruggieri e Mauro Motta, <i>I treni persi delll'indipendenza energetica italiana</i> in https://altreconomia.it/i-treni-persi-dellindipendenza-energetica-italiana/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=23NANS</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Simon
Willcock, Gregory Cooper, John Dearing, </span></span><b><a href="https://theconversation.com/is-the-amazon-rainforest-on-the-verge-of-collapse-178580?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20for%20March%208%202022%20-%202227522094&utm_content=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20for%20March%208%202022%20-%202227522094+CID_d58ea8493a4a883ccf2144793d596a2b&utm_source=campaign_monitor_uk&utm_term=Is%20the%20Amazon%20rainforest%20on%20the%20verge%20of%20collapse"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Is
the Amazon rainforest on the verge of collapse?</span></i></span></span></a></b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">[</span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">La
foresta amazzonica è sull'orlo del collasso?</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">]</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> The Conversation, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">7
marzo 2022</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">3 </span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jonathan
Watts </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/14/amazon-rainforest-will-collapse-if-bolsonaro-remains-president">Amazon
rainforest ‘will collapse if Bolsonaro remains president</a>’ </span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">[La
foresta amazzonica collasserà se Bolsonaro resterà presidente], </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">in
«The Guardian», 14 luglio 2021</span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">4</span></span> </span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Matt
Simon, <i>L</i></span></span><i>a
foresta amazzonica potrebbe essere vicina a un punto di non ritorno</i>, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> in <a href="https://www.wired.it/article/foresta-amazzonica-punto-non-ritorno/?uID=277018189592aa1fd92a228abd51eabb88c1316e1fa3f4c7f4b8d7b72ab8bbbe&uID=7ca60ffb862ab8b16638426ee5d4b64898ad025f592cf134a1abcde2f5a65502&utm_brand=wi&utm_campaign=daily&utm_mailing=WI_NEWS_Daily%202022-03-13&utm_medium=email&utm_source=news&utm_term=WI_NEWS_Daily">wired.it</a></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">5</span></span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><sup> </sup>Emiliano Guanella, <i>In Brasile, la Cina guarda all'anno elettorale</i>, in ISPI</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span>07/02/2022<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span><span style="font-size: small;"> https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/brasile-la-cina-guarda-allanno-elettorale-33112</span> </span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">6</span></span></sup><i> </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Strage
di attivisti ambientali, il 2020 l’anno peggiore di sempre </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><a href="https://www.rinnovabili.it/ambiente/politiche-ambientali/attivisti-ambientali-strage-2020/"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="zxx"><u>https://www.rinnovabili.it/ambiente/politiche-ambientali/attivisti-ambientali-strage-2020/</u></span></span></span></a></p><div><br /></div>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-47716671273953158602021-12-13T09:59:00.002-08:002021-12-13T10:04:58.154-08:00Ma come ti è saltato in mente?<p> </p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">La
fine dell’anno si avvicina, le giornate quasi impercettibilmente </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>si accorciano, </span>fino a giungere al solstizio d’inverno<span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg95cgImOyUsJfdiEp4WiDO6BWpq6RCEKnoRi9koDlWGRiHVzFxEyXXhNLqp8u7p93AVkWgAZ_5pgUdkTNv-369DhAghMvp80wus955VLcFUSm5FWTNOKHlI0BhFXgLcHSdH4ZG7rQFX8uYgMgG82PWypCExBuoloWRs2IFhJ2ogEO37H9vSToepMx2=s309" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="206" data-original-width="309" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg95cgImOyUsJfdiEp4WiDO6BWpq6RCEKnoRi9koDlWGRiHVzFxEyXXhNLqp8u7p93AVkWgAZ_5pgUdkTNv-369DhAghMvp80wus955VLcFUSm5FWTNOKHlI0BhFXgLcHSdH4ZG7rQFX8uYgMgG82PWypCExBuoloWRs2IFhJ2ogEO37H9vSToepMx2=w400-h267" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Poi, una manciata di secondi al giorno, torneranno ad allungarsi… </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">E
noi, assorbiti (o incastrati…) dalle festività, forse non ce ne
accorgeremo.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh19sm_4bI9Hbkfi8ngcqkaZA_b7pVjKz7IoCY0UFXORzwQgTAssn8MvlwBSrLI1wSlEnN5vSKhElju9qKptfne6WVABLfSRa5dh-Vxc_uJoGTJ2bGWl7wZq-wdqcj63FmHNYdJWQ7k7bsHbTeOpnpR03gw68cypS1R3Hib6D30mhqirHmhgUmCx6pG=s1920" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1193" data-original-width="1920" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh19sm_4bI9Hbkfi8ngcqkaZA_b7pVjKz7IoCY0UFXORzwQgTAssn8MvlwBSrLI1wSlEnN5vSKhElju9qKptfne6WVABLfSRa5dh-Vxc_uJoGTJ2bGWl7wZq-wdqcj63FmHNYdJWQ7k7bsHbTeOpnpR03gw68cypS1R3Hib6D30mhqirHmhgUmCx6pG=w400-h249" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> <br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Ma lasciamoci un po' di tempo prima di chiudere con il 2021, tiriamo le somme. Ho fatto una piccola lista di cose su cui voglio soffermarmi. Ne scriverò sul mio blog, per non invadere lo spazio comune. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span>N.1 <i> </i></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span><i>Margine di incertezza</i>, 5° volume della collana di romanzi brevi Atlantis.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Sarebbe buona regola per un autore non parlare troppo di ciò che scrive, e io intendo attenermi ma… “Perché hai scelto questo titolo?”, mi ha chiesto qualcuno. E questo sì, lo posso dire.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Il titolo è nato dalla storia bizzarra di H, ingegnere informatico
molto fortunato, riportata da «Internazionale» a novembre dello scorso anno. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Senza nuotare nell’oro,
H aveva un ottimo lavoro di suo gradimento a poca distanza da casa e abitudini
soddisfacenti da tutti i punti di vista. Era così contento da
ripetere, settimana dopo settimana, la propria vita senza variazioni.
Probabilmente avrebbe continuato a farlo anche vent’anni dopo. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Una vita trascorsa quasi in automatico… Una prospettiva che, improvvisamente, l'ha spaventato. Alla
fine ha mollato tutto e, per un paio di anni, ha scelto che cosa fare giorno per giorno in maniera randomica. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Poi è tornato ed è diventato artista. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">L'articolo di </span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">«</span></span>Internazionale</span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">»</span></span> era intitolato </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span><i>Il bello dell’incertezza</i> e, </span>letto in piena pandemia a fine 2020, sembrava una presa in
giro. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Dopo aver mandato il fortunato H a
quel paese, però, ho continuato a rimuginarci: “Ma ci può essere davvero qualcosa di buono nell'incertezza?”
</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">E così ho cercato una risposta. O meglio, l’ho fatta cercare al </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>protagonista del mio romanzo breve,</span>
Ignas-T-Merlano. T sta per “talentoso”: Ignas è un doppio empatico.<br /></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Consulente che aiuta persone insoddisfatte nella scelta di un
lavoro, Ignas, quando non coltiva la propria relazione sentimentale
con Angela e Luciano, condivide una tranquilla solitudine con TRex,
attempata IA creata per tenere compagnia ai piccoli umani.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">È un bel tipetto, TRex, alto come un bambino e fornito di un gran vocione. Ma sotto le sembianze da piccolo
tirannosauro amichevole, nasconde molte risorse.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mandato in missione </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">su </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Fortunata – </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="it-IT"><span style="font-weight: normal;">piccolo
</span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="it-IT"><span style="font-weight: normal;">mondo del basso Adriatico, comunitario e pieno di colore – </span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="it-IT"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Merlano andrà incontro a molte sorprese, piuttosto diverse da quelle </span></span></span></span></b><span>cercate dall'ingegnere informatico H. </span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh14Fqt3ExixP4Fff8AcEVVK59oCtA7-pGxP_RHWdUvIOjapNiMSWXdk7k_Vi9sR8QUwWztP7WgPmPhYPKSaKQvDP7JTycW3RSWxANf3KTN_80-UEK1SJT0q05m3M4DkIEiqwryc9w0WDFDRqjnQeA63MWYYnmqpsvzWtZfdbU0ckboZR0UUIsOJZHp=s702" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="702" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh14Fqt3ExixP4Fff8AcEVVK59oCtA7-pGxP_RHWdUvIOjapNiMSWXdk7k_Vi9sR8QUwWztP7WgPmPhYPKSaKQvDP7JTycW3RSWxANf3KTN_80-UEK1SJT0q05m3M4DkIEiqwryc9w0WDFDRqjnQeA63MWYYnmqpsvzWtZfdbU0ckboZR0UUIsOJZHp=w640-h306" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.green.it/citta-galleggiante-polinesia/</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">La frase in esergo al racconto è di <span style="font-weight: normal;">Fabrice
Olivier Dubosc </span> e ribadisce che la realtà nasce momento per momento dalla molteplicità del possibile:
</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p> </p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">… la struttura profonda
della realtà non è qualcosa di dato ma un processo generativo di
possibilità emergenti. </span></span></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span><span>E qui mi fermo. </span></span><span><span>Se volete saperne di più leggete <i>Margine
di incertezza</i>.</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDAofyw-x38Vcjr36XD-bYAPpuNBr7sAKHCDS4wO_oerrTN26rFUjCeZ6qjRHIcBE1pN-YRXXEeLvrELvB_ssfBAxxmefbbZkXwehUwaNSvs9x3yX32J53xIde2KozROBcPOox1PaO8VqUI6LJ-88jVSzRn6ENKTJDLW3PIyoTn17kt9ghDesyoGZ9=s490" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="350" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDAofyw-x38Vcjr36XD-bYAPpuNBr7sAKHCDS4wO_oerrTN26rFUjCeZ6qjRHIcBE1pN-YRXXEeLvrELvB_ssfBAxxmefbbZkXwehUwaNSvs9x3yX32J53xIde2KozROBcPOox1PaO8VqUI6LJ-88jVSzRn6ENKTJDLW3PIyoTn17kt9ghDesyoGZ9=w458-h640" width="458" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
<p></p><br />S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-71589318681394702072021-11-15T10:21:00.004-08:002021-11-17T02:05:02.578-08:00Nuove proposte sul diritto all'autodeterminazione<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Consiglio vivamente la lettura di un racconto che, con un'utile (e divertente) provocazione, spinge il concetto di autodeterminazione oltre</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> l'uso comune riferito a popoli, persone singole, altre specie. E gli oggetti? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Sephira Riva</span></b></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><i><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Addendum alla proposta di legge sul diritto all'autodeterminazione degli oggetti</span><br /></span></b></i></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouBRwo8bvWl7fZ-oMw_gzq-j5f7TKKz1cUkB9Om2SN5Vs9BUBqHVgoZq7cH4J7OxGh_vKuylwt3hyphenhyphent6fdCvo5yIYkSdVZyYmb0sSMGGsMzvwDqaxZf7oHzAe5xZtCyjlgSmLtj6cy6gY/s1280/image1-addendum.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouBRwo8bvWl7fZ-oMw_gzq-j5f7TKKz1cUkB9Om2SN5Vs9BUBqHVgoZq7cH4J7OxGh_vKuylwt3hyphenhyphent6fdCvo5yIYkSdVZyYmb0sSMGGsMzvwDqaxZf7oHzAe5xZtCyjlgSmLtj6cy6gY/w640-h360/image1-addendum.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">In
un laboratorio scientifico situato nelle isole Svalbard, un luogo ormai
funestato dalla crisi ambientale, dove l’unica caratteristica “artica” è ormai
il buio invernale, un variegato gruppo di ricerca trascorre lavorando il
periodo natalizio.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Il
laboratorio è un microcosmo esposto a livello locale ai medesimi problemi che
si stanno verificando nel resto del mondo: emergenze climatiche crescenti –
paradossalmente anche interne all’edificio per il malfunzionamento di un
macchinario – carenza cronica di fondi per la ricerca, scarse garanzie
lavorative per i giovani. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Tre
personaggə, Ena, Nadia, e Ahmed, che è “qualcosa come il capo di Ena e Nadia”,
effettuano analisi di materiali e trascorrono il tempo a rimaneggiare vecchi
dati e ad aspettare che altri gruppi di ricerca chiedano il loro aiuto.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Ma
le cose stanno per cambiare: sono in arrivo dei clienti. Anzi, client*, perché
per gli umani è molto difficile anche soltanto contarl* e stabilire la loro
forma. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Client* vogliono commissionare una vera ricerca, ovviamente molto
particolare, e sono disposti a pagare bene…</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Riuscendo
nel piccolo miracolo di mescolare rigorose procedure scientifiche, temi
filosofici, relazioni sociali e umanissime emozioni, Sephira Riva conduce in
porto un bel racconto che oscilla tra dimensioni galattiche e il nostro
periferico pianeta.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Il linguaggio inclusivo è uno dei pregi del racconto.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Si parlerà del racconto e di linguaggio inclusivo durante il reviewparty annunciato nella locandina. </span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> #reviewparty #fantaschwa #addendum <br /></span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif",serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-55216919928135404962021-07-24T09:10:00.000-07:002021-07-24T09:10:51.891-07:00Amazon: lo spreco è solo un altro modo di fare soldi<div><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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</p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.telerama.fr/television/scandale-des-invendus-amazon-aurait-detruit-trois-millions-de-produits-en-france-en-2018,n6086750.php" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="833" data-original-width="1000" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrGo1VlQxWjmJZRwI3L-NNjyxcU-bwTm_fJut09bqvPXPRRVWvaQhrhBI-MIlamcjTqZU0_ZQWK_EY1E60QAimz4R19cswpMo1eF2LWCAzeVYl53y_tCkzn3vvSJ8bNS5-iPRxOOiHqMg/w640-h534/telerama.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.telerama.fr/television/scandale-des-invendus-amazon-aurait-detruit-trois-millions-de-produits-en-france-en-2018,n6086750.php">© Erik McGregor/Pacific Press/ZUMA/REA da wwwTélérama.fr<br /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="line-height: 130%;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="line-height: 130%;">Le informazioni di questo post sono in parte reperibili su un articolo
firmato da Paris Marx, riportato da «Internazionale»<sup>1</sup> e pubblicato
anche sulla rivista socialista britannica «Tribune»<sup>2</sup>. </span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="line-height: 130%;">Le prime righe dell’articolo riguardano il Prime day 2021 di Amazon:</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Mentre i mezzi d’informazione hanno regalato al monopolista del
commercio elettronico mondiale una valanga di pubblicità gratis […] il canale
britannico <i>Itv News</i> ha mandato in onda un servizio che ha spinto il pubblico a
pensarci due volte prima di abbandonarsi al consumismo.</span></span></span></blockquote></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Che cosa si può dire di peggio su Amazon, dopo che è diventato di dominio pubblico il trattamento ignobile riservato al personale, soprattutto ai fattorini che consegnanoi pacchi? </span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Eppure, c’è di peggio.</span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Stoccaggio o discarica?</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> <br /></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"></span></b></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmlmNqXj5NjDxK-5co2QwQg8jWg4KXTORJrPjKyZHy_rmil2R2jgsK48zV02kx0IWy57vfNPtrW-AUDspRlE7ZUpUMwRhRiXaSUgVn_Bph9HMnKnJ5YsVgoHJXqx0JKDXh8w0uoz1jCc/s275/discarica.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmlmNqXj5NjDxK-5co2QwQg8jWg4KXTORJrPjKyZHy_rmil2R2jgsK48zV02kx0IWy57vfNPtrW-AUDspRlE7ZUpUMwRhRiXaSUgVn_Bph9HMnKnJ5YsVgoHJXqx0JKDXh8w0uoz1jCc/w400-h266/discarica.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Il centro logistico Amazon di Dunfermline, in Scozia, distrugge ogni anno milioni
di prodotti invenduti. Spesso nemmeno estratti dall’imballaggio. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Secondo le fonti di <i>Itv News</i></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><sup>3</sup></span></span></span></span>, l’obiettivo del magazzino scozzese è:</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">… distruggere almeno 130.000 oggetti ogni settimana. </span></span></span></blockquote><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Da documenti interni
risulta che <b>in sette giorni</b> sono stati <b>consegnati per lo smaltimento 124.000
prodotti</b> mentre <b>solo 28.000</b> sono andati <b>in donazione</b>. 200.000 oggetti sono
stati distrutti in poche settimane, circa il 50% erano prodotti restituiti – spesso
in buone condizioni – e il resto erano prodotti nuovi: aspirapolvere, ventilatori Dyson, computer MacBook o iPad. <i>Itv News</i> mostra anche un filmato effettuato sotto copertura che testimonia le dimensioni del processo di eliminazione.<br /></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">E <b>dove vengono smaltiti</b> questi rifiuti? Alcuni negli impianti per
il riciclo, ma <b>la maggior parte in discarica</b>.</span></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Oltre a Dunfermline ci sono altri 23 centri logistici di Amazon nel Regno
Unito e in tutto il mondo i magazzini di Amazon sono almeno 175… Ma Amazon ne sta costruendo altri, per capitalizzare l’aumento delle vendite durante
la pandemia. </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Prima di <i>Itv News</i>, la rete francese<i> Rtl</i> ha rivelato che, in
Francia, Amazon ha fatto sparire oltre tre milioni di prodotti nel solo 2018: libri, set Lego di gran prezzo, televisori Lg ancora imballati.
Perfino le confezioni di pannolini, che per molte famiglie sono un onere
inevitabile<sup>4</sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Anche l’emittente pubblica tedesca <i>Das Erste</i> ha pubblicato
un’inchiesta di Greenpeace relativa al centro di Winsen (Bassa
Sassonia)<sup>5</sup>. </span></span></span></p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Riporto </span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">di seguito la traduzione del testo pubblicato da <i>Das Erste</i> (per la traduzione
ho usato i traduttori di Reverso e Google e la revisione finale del germanofilo di famiglia: mio marito).</span></span></span></p></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
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</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></p></div><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>La ricerca di Greenpeace mostra che Amazon distrugge
prodotti nuovi</b></span></span></p></div><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Amburgo, 20 maggio 2021 – I filmati di un ricercatore di Greenpeace mostrano
che Amazon sta smistando le merci invendute per la distruzione.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nella sede di Winsen, i prodotti nella loro confezione
originale vengono pre-smistati per la distruzione in otto postazioni di lavoro
che Amazon chiama "stazioni di distruzione". In questo modo, Amazon
smaltisce almeno un camion di merce invenduta ogni settimana in un solo luogo,
dalle magliette ai libri agli elettrodomestici nuovi di zecca. Ciò accade anche
se nel 2020 è entrata in vigore una legge proprio contro questa forma di spreco
di risorse: il cosiddetto obbligo di custodia ha lo scopo di impedire che i
beni integri vengano distrutti. Ma finora l’obbligo di custodia non è stato né
attuato né monitorato dalle autorità. </span></span></p></div></blockquote><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">"Amazon si basa esclusivamente su
vendite rapide e quindi considera lo spazio sullo scaffale più importante del
prodotto in esso contenuto: uno spreco di risorse dannoso per il clima!"
</span></span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dice Viola Wohlgemuth, esperta di Greenpeace nel settore consumatori.<br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Già alla fine del 2019, Greenpeace ha documentato per la prima volta quali nuovi
beni venivano regolarmente gettati via a Winsen. La rivelazione ha
contribuito a far sì che nel 2020 il Bundestag introducesse nuove regole nell'ambito di una <b>riforma della legge sulla economia
circolare</b>: secondo il testo della legge, per i rivenditori l’obbligo di custodia prevede che
“nella vendita dei prodotti, anche in relazione al loro ritiro o restituzione,
sia mantenuta la loro idoneità e che non diventino rifiuti”.</span></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u>Amazon ha pianificato di aggirare la legge sull'economia
circolare</u></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amazon sfrutta il fatto che attualmente non esist
una normativa sull’obbligo di custodia, motivo per il quale non
vengono imposte sanzioni. E il <span>gruppo</span> si sta
già preparando al fatto che, per legge, alle società di smaltimento rifiuti sia
consentito solo il ritiro della merce rotta.</span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Greenpeace è a conoscenza del fatto che, in futuro,
Amazon avesse intenzione di tagliare magliette nella loro confezione originale
prima di farle gettare nel bidone della spazzatura. È già stato effettuato un
test in cui i tessuti sono stati distrutti con le forbici.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Amazon stava già pianificando di aggirare una legge prima
ancora che il Dipartimento per l'Ambiente riuscisse ad applicarla! Il ministro
federale dell'ambiente Svenja Schulze deve agire, perché proteggere le risorse
è protezione del clima! – dice Wohlgemuth – La distruzione di nuovi beni
deve diventare un reato durante questa legislatura!”</span></span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Un ricercatore di Greenpeace ha lavorato per diverse
settimane come impiegato nel centro logistico di Amazon a Winsen per la
divulgazione e ha documentato i processi. La rivista «Panorama», alla
quale Greenpeace ha preventivamente messo a disposizione le riprese e le
informazioni del film, ne parlerà questa sera alle 21:45 su ARD.</span></span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Assurdo! Perché mai sciupare tutta questa merce in ottimo stato? Ma non è assurdo, <span face=""Calibri", sans-serif" style="line-height: 115%;">come
spiega l'articolo di <i>Télérama</i><sup>4</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span face=""Calibri", sans-serif" style="line-height: 115%;">. Il settimanale culturale francese, riprende un’intervista
del magazine «Capital»<i> </i>a Alma Dufour, dell’ONG <i>Les Amis de la Terre </i>[Traduzione mia]:<i><br /></i></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
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</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>«Capital»</span><span>:</span><i><span> </span></i><b><span>Com’è
possibile distruggere prodotti nuovi?</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>A. Dufour: Perché non è
illegale! È la stessa logica economica dell'obsolescenza programmata, che
spinge a rinnovare costantemente produzione e consumo. Amazon rappresenta il
volto visibile, il supersimbolo di questo folle sistema di sovrapproduzione e
sovraconsumo che, come si vede negli altri report di questo numero di Capital,
riguarda anche la stragrande maggioranza dell'industria tessile o
dell'e-commerce, e rafforza il cambiamento climatico e l’esaurimento delle
risorse. Ma Amazon spinge il modello ancora oltre! Il suo scopo è stabilire
monopoli ed essere il primo in tutti i mercati in cui opera, in particolare la
distribuzione. Come? Intraprendendo una guerra dei prezzi ultra-offensiva e
facendo affidamento su una sovrapproduzione aberrante. Perché negli ultimi
anni, per competere con Alibaba, la “Amazon” cinese, Amazon è andata a cercare
venditori direttamente in Cina mantenendo però i venditori europei, con il
risultato di un aumento della produzione e quindi dello stoccaggio. In questa
logica, Amazon ha messo in atto un intero </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>“</span></span>processo</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>”</span></span> per dissuadere i
venditori dallo stoccaggio, incoraggiandoli piuttosto a distruggere…</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>[…]</span><b><span><br /></span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Occorre sapere che Amazon è diventata soprattutto un
intermediario, un enorme mercato: la multinazionale non ha i prodotti venduti
sul suo sito, ma ne organizza il trasporto (ha ottenuto anche di recente
l'autorizzazione ad effettuare il trasporto marittimo diretto di container da
Cina), il loro stoccaggio e consegna agli acquirenti, ricevendo una commissione
dal 5 all'8% sui prodotti venduti sul suo sito…</span></span></span></div></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">L'articolo merita di essere letto per intero, e spiega anche che i prodotti elettronici mandati in discarica spesso contengono piccole quantità di metalli rari che non vengono recuperati e la cui produzione è fortemente inquinante.<br /></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Ma come fa Amazon a convincere i venditori terzi a consentire la distruzione dei loro prodotti?</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">La tabellina di seguito, è relativa ai
recenti aumenti di prezzo di un qualunque singolo prodotto venduto da
Amazon (dati riportati da Paris Marx). Mettetevi nei panni di un venditore e apponete la crocetta dove vi pare più opportuno.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;"> </span></i></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Stoccaggio in magazzino</span></span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Invio al macero</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">17 sterline</span></span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">13 centesimi</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Altri dati in proposito vengono forniti da Alma Dufour<sup>4</sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Amazon: condizioni di lavoro</span></b><span style="line-height: 130%;"><sup>6</sup></span><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">- Fattorini che lavorano con ritmi folli</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><sup><span style="line-height: 130%;">7</span></sup></span> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">- Tasso di infortuni molto alto: negli Usa è il doppio della media del
settore</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">- Alto ricambio di personale nei centri logistici</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">- Monitoraggio del personale durante il lavoro<sup>8</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUa5pttHqRLW1ZjDFmpcmV_rocuzIR8GlVGJO-8WJ63ppb0YA0MHyCjOwg6TSILtXwQzXvWt_XmYrG_Vi-7AQpMP02FF9QIDZMltY2f4ZrY0pqxZxFwCz_CeApLcFo8B8zyAbcSj6zKNE/s696/amazon-wired.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="696" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUa5pttHqRLW1ZjDFmpcmV_rocuzIR8GlVGJO-8WJ63ppb0YA0MHyCjOwg6TSILtXwQzXvWt_XmYrG_Vi-7AQpMP02FF9QIDZMltY2f4ZrY0pqxZxFwCz_CeApLcFo8B8zyAbcSj6zKNE/w640-h358/amazon-wired.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Un magazzino di Amazon (Foto di Paul Hennessy/NurPhoto via Getty Images) da www.wired.it<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Impronta ecologica</span></span></b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">L'impronta ambientale generata da Amazon lo scorso anno (2019) è stata di 44,4 milioni di tonnellate di CO<span style="font-size: large;">2</span> pari all'impronta ecologica dell'intera Svezia (il servizio Prime ha contribuito con ben 5 miliardi di pacchi consegnati). E a luglio 2019 il trasporto aereo di Amazon è cresciuto del 30% rispetto allo stesso periodo dello scorso anno: non una buona notizia, visto che studi del Parlamento Europeo ripostano come nel 2050 proprio il trasporto aereo causerà il 22% delle emissioni globali di CO<span style="font-size: large;">2</span><sup><sup><span face=""Calibri", sans-serif" style="line-height: 115%;">9</span></sup></sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>.</span></span></span></blockquote><p> </p><p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHCHnDbco82LtSZ2N9bE9-JVQx_2CV24npV4owDyrZIz2kFQHJgyRKi6v7pd63BgCxYj0m2d21y1yp6_MLLYs3d8d0gsAJftKgZmAtqPvGv2ScCSEex8ljPZMco4NC2-h8moxb8_b8ddA/s1200/Impronta-ecologica.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHCHnDbco82LtSZ2N9bE9-JVQx_2CV24npV4owDyrZIz2kFQHJgyRKi6v7pd63BgCxYj0m2d21y1yp6_MLLYs3d8d0gsAJftKgZmAtqPvGv2ScCSEex8ljPZMco4NC2-h8moxb8_b8ddA/w400-h266/Impronta-ecologica.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">da https://eterra.it/impronta-ecologica/<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p></div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><sup> </sup></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span>Il problema è più grande</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Il problema dell’impatto ambientale, però, è più generale, non riguarda soltanto
Amazon e la sua politica spregiudicata. Come afferma Paris Marx: <br /></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">La spedizione di grandi quantità di prodotti
consegnati in pacchetti direttamente a casa del consumatore è un modello insostenibile.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">[…]</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Nel consumo di massa, che è cruciale per il nostro sistema economico,
c’è un difetto strutturale<sup>1</sup>. </span></span></span></div></blockquote><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"></span></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWP8e4g-VN4u7ho7pPJSe_Ds-gFldTgG7ZCtZJCIpZjdVaMIBjXNL5GvmRBHDVnSwg6hbHEzASZjTaLGDLElhwiut8bDgH6dZAjSiF5ZY6FoHkaEqZGsSqiurC9Tpolw8UkuMUXYw1TE/s1280/ecommerce-3021581_1280.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWP8e4g-VN4u7ho7pPJSe_Ds-gFldTgG7ZCtZJCIpZjdVaMIBjXNL5GvmRBHDVnSwg6hbHEzASZjTaLGDLElhwiut8bDgH6dZAjSiF5ZY6FoHkaEqZGsSqiurC9Tpolw8UkuMUXYw1TE/w400-h225/ecommerce-3021581_1280.jpg" width="400" /></a></p></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p>da pixabay</p></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p><br /></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Innazitutto non facciamoci illusioni: “il nostro sistema economico” si chiama
capitalismo, anzi <i>Realismo capitalista</i><sup>10</sup>.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Proprio quel realismo che fa dire ai dirigenti di Amazon: i magazzini
vanno svuotati per poter essere riempiti di nuovo, per essere svuotati a ogni
costo, consegnando come dei forsennati e piuttosto buttando i prodotti al minor
costo possibile, (ad esempio sfruttando le leggi sull’economia circolare
tedesche).</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Ma se Amazon si comporta in questo modo intollerabile, siamo noi a incoraggiare la multinazionale perché acquistiamo e vogliamo ricevere le merci al più presto possibile, senza farci domande in proposito. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Invece ci sarebbe molto su cui pensare:</span></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">le consegne</span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">i fattorini partono dal centro logistico più vicino. Ma se un tempo, le
consegne venivano effettuate da un camion pieno zeppo di pacchi, servendo molti
clienti, ora, nel “modello Amazon” che vuole soddisfare il cliente, più furgoni tornano dal medesimo cliente. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Nella sola Italia, ogni giorno circolano per le strade <b>20 mila
furgoni</b> che coprono l'ultimo miglio. Nel 2019 hanno consegnato <b>318
milioni di pacchi</b><sup>9</sup>.</span></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Il MIT ha stimato l'impronta ecologica delle spedizioni veloci,
traducendone l'emissione di CO<span style="font-size: large;">2</span> in numero di alberi necessari ad assorbirla. I valori vanno da 20 a 300 alberi a consegna, e più la spedizione è veloce <u>più alberi sono necessari</u> per compensare<sup>9</sup>. </span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">gli imballaggi</span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">tutti abbiamo riflettuto sull’insensatezza di inserire un piccolo pacco –
che contiene la merce richiesta – dentro un pacco più grande, riempito di
plastica da imballo. Ma <b>quanto</b> è insensato?</span> </span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Almeno </span><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">quindici volte:</span></b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
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<![endif]--></span>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 130%;"> <span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br /></span></span></b></p><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Sacchetto di plastica da negozio di prossimità</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Imballaggio modello Amazon </span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">11 kg di CO2 equivalente</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 240.7pt;" valign="top" width="321">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">182 kg di CO2 equivalente</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">C<span style="line-height: 130%;">onsegnare rapidamente
un singolo prodotto è la scelta peggiore dal punto di vista ambientale, perché
ha il più alto impatto per prodotto consegnato e per chilometro percorso<sup>9</sup>.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Com’è potuto accadere tutto questo? </span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Perché l’e-commerce ha preso tanto piede? Forse perché nei quartieri ormai mancano i negozi
di prossimità, che sono stati costretti a chiudere dalla concorrenza della grande
distribuzione. L’unica alternativa sono i centri commerciali, talvolta
abbastanza lontani da casa da scoraggiarci. E probabilmente contano anche i consigli di parenti e amici: "questo l'ho comprato online, costa meno e arriva prestissimo!"</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> Poi il lockdown, la necessità di ottenere i prodotti
senza uscire di casa, la rapidità della consegna hanno sedimentato le nostre abitudini. Ma molti dati sono precedenti alla pandemia. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Tutto era già cominciato prima.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="line-height: 130%;">Just in time</span></b></span></span></div><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Organizzazione del processo produttivo che prevede il rifornimento del
materiale di trasformazione esattamente nel momento in cui viene richiesto,
allo scopo di ridurre i costi legati all'accumulo di scorte; tale modello è
applicato talvolta anche alla gestione di magazzino nella grande distribuzione</span><span><span style="line-height: 130%;"><sup>11</sup></span></span><span><span style="line-height: 130%;">.</span></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><span style="font-family: georgia;">
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<![endif]--></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">In pratica, produco solo ciò che ho già venduto, minimizzo le scorte
lungo tutto la filiera e, tengo il magazzino più vuoto che posso, eventualmente
sgombrandolo a forza.<span> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">Apparentemente è l’uovo di Colombo, anche se il meccanismo può incepparsi, quando un
nodo della filiera blocca per qualche motivo la produzione. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">In realtà questo sogno del libero mercato produce enormi quantità di
scarti e di sprechi. Dove, per esempio?</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><u>nel settore alimentare</u>: in passato la catena di
supermercati Tesco è stata molto criticata in proposito e in seguito si è
impegnata nella lotta allo spreco<sup>12</sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 130%;">;</span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><u>nel settore elettronico:</u> la Target Corporation – che ha sede in Minnesota – è stata multata
avendo smaltito illegalmente per anni grandi quantità di rifiuti pericolosi<sup>13</sup></span></span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 130%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">;</span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><u>nel settore dell’abbigliamento</u><sup>14</sup>. </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
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è un modello insostenibile, </span></b><span style="line-height: 130%;">che non possiamo più permetterci da molti anni</span><span style="line-height: 130%;">.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjio8w3BYZcAjbQK52EB7PQ5PwL-pmUqBdTjKjAAjats1DcHhqfGCSBrVXnj65NaqrkfZm4MJ1i7iSYIbXRwXk_ZFuKwP03BXnItgpg9Rl2N9XbBT-eUaQYrLw4NPZ69C9VUFdq56ls9DE/s300/trasporto+su+strada+grande.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjio8w3BYZcAjbQK52EB7PQ5PwL-pmUqBdTjKjAAjats1DcHhqfGCSBrVXnj65NaqrkfZm4MJ1i7iSYIbXRwXk_ZFuKwP03BXnItgpg9Rl2N9XbBT-eUaQYrLw4NPZ69C9VUFdq56ls9DE/w400-h224/trasporto+su+strada+grande.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1><span style="font-size: medium;">Trasporto merci in Italia: più costi, meno competitività</span></h1><span style="font-size: medium;">da Repubblica economia & Finanza 05-o8-2019</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="line-height: 130%;">Così conclude Paris Marx<sup>1</sup>:</span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">… noi abbiamo costruito un’economia in cui è sensato produrre in eccesso o
gestire in modo errato la produzione. Il modello Amazon […]<span> </span>è la conseguenza di una spinta che dura da
decenni ad anteporre i prezzi bassi a tutto il resto [CHE PREZZO BASSO!!] e a considerare
i lavoratori e l’ambiente come elementi sacrificabili in virtù del profitto.</span></span></span></span></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">E così voglio concludere io, con questa lucida analisi di Alma Dufour intervistata da «Capital»</span></span><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;"><sup>4</sup></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 130%;">.</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">… Oggi, il riciclo e l'economia circolare sono ancora molto
lontani dall'essere una realtà […] <b>Continuiamo a sbattere contro il muro a
causa di un modello economico incompatibile con il disastro ecologico, e lo
sappiamo</b>. Quindi, dobbiamo essere umili e dirci che in attesa di trovare un
giorno, forse, soluzioni tecniche di riciclo assolutamente favolose, <b>dobbiamo
rivedere il nostro modo di operare economicamente e socialmente</b>.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">[…]</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
<span face=""Calibri", sans-serif" style="line-height: 130%;">Non dobbiamo puntare sul riciclo:<b> dobbiamo
conservare e riparare i nostri prodotti e non buttarli via</b>. Non riacquistare sistematicamente. Ogni anno 11 dispositivi elettronici vengono immessi sul mercato
francese per ogni abitante, senza che questa folle sovrapproduzione
corrisponda alle nostre esigenze. Ecco perché le cattive pratiche di grandi
player come Amazon devono assolutamente cessare: con solo 10-60 anni di riserve
rimaste per molti metalli strategici, il rapido sviluppo dell'e-commerce
minaccia di distruggere quel poco che è stato realizzato negli ultimi anni per
estendere la durata dei prodotti e conservare le risorse. </span></span></span></span></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Questo post è </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">uno dei miei contributi “tanta carne al fuoco”, come direbbe qualche amic*.</span> L'ho iniziato pensando di cavarmela con meno di mille parole, ed è lungo ormai più del doppio. Potrebbero rientrarci molti altri dati e considerazioni di giornalisti e attivisti con le idee molto più chiare di me. Spero comunque che serva a innescare qualche commento e condivisione. </span><br /></span><p> </p></div><p></p><span style="font-size: x-large;">
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</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 130%;">Note </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 130%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]-->
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">1. https://www.internazionale.it/opinione/paris-marx/2021/07/10/amazon-spreco-capitalismo</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">2. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/">https://tribunemag.co.uk/2021/06/amazon-is-a-symbol-of-capitalisms-wastefulness</a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">3. <a href="https://www.itv.com/news/2021-06-21/amazon-destroying-millions-of-items-of-unsold-stock-in-one-of-its-uk-warehouses-every-year-itv-news-investigation-finds">https://www.itv.com/news/2021-06-21/amazon-destroying-millions-of-items-of-unsold-stock-in-one-of-its-uk-warehouses-every-year-itv-news-investigation-finds</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 5.95pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">4. <a href="https://www.telerama.fr/television/scandale-des-invendus-amazon-aurait-detruit-trois-millions-de-produits-en-france-en-2018,n6086750.php">https://www.telerama.fr/television/scandale-des-invendus-amazon-aurait-detruit-trois-millions-de-produits-en-france-en-2018,n6086750.php</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">5.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">https://www.greenpeace.de/presse/presseerklaerungen/greenpeace-recherche-zeigt-amazon-zerstoert-neuware</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt;"> </span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 106%; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">6. https://fondazionefeltrinelli.it/dagli-scioperi-in-amazon-alle-proteste-dei-riders-il-futuro-del-lavoro-passa-da-qua/ <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 106%; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">7.https://torino.corriere.it/cronaca/21_marzo_22/scendo-furgone-solo-suonare-campanello-88eb3b26-8b52-11eb-96d7-1b239199ed0f.shtml</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 106%; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">8.https://www.wired.it/attualita/politica/2020/11/27/amazon-spiato-lavoratori-attivisti/</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">9.https://www.hdblog.it/amazon/speciali/n515713/amazon-inquinamento-spedizioni-impatto-ambiente/</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">10. <i>Realismo
capitalista</i>, Mark Fisher, Produzioni Nero</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">11. Dizionario
italiano Oxford</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">12.
https://www.greenbiz.it/food/gdo/8559-sprechi-alimentari-gdo-tesco</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">13.
https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-announces-74-million-statewide-settlement-target</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;">14.https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/02/01/i-marchi-di-alta-moda-bruciano-i-capi-invenduti-e-la-francia-prova-a-fermarli/5691528/</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IT;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 130%;"><br /></span></p><br /></span></span><p></p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-78492574607520028132020-11-22T09:34:00.002-08:002020-11-22T11:08:01.546-08:00Riflessioni sparse sul Solarpunk<div><p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HtFSrWiSdSuiY3jQh2iZFu1rNsY4TZ-8_hWRVwuLVWCjIUIBAkgF7CIIMPnkepofG3IzT9UJQecvQv5YQdd7u1QNJI4dsEEWs6f4QNrhUjNriRYJ7SBt-6C1N_MuzJgO5xEZlo9AJt8/s425/bios_design_collective_architettura_sostenibile_photobioreactor_bioreactor_bioreattore_alghe_design_architettura_sostenibile_5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="425" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HtFSrWiSdSuiY3jQh2iZFu1rNsY4TZ-8_hWRVwuLVWCjIUIBAkgF7CIIMPnkepofG3IzT9UJQecvQv5YQdd7u1QNJI4dsEEWs6f4QNrhUjNriRYJ7SBt-6C1N_MuzJgO5xEZlo9AJt8/w400-h254/bios_design_collective_architettura_sostenibile_photobioreactor_bioreactor_bioreattore_alghe_design_architettura_sostenibile_5.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1><a href="http://www.genitronsviluppo.com/2008/07/16/architettura-sostenibile-il-bios-design-collective-quando-il-design-incontra-la-biologia-dal-photobioreactor-per-produrre-biocarburante-dalle-alghe-ai-centri-di-raccolta-degli-emigranti-in-cina/"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Il design incontra la biologia: fotobioreattore</span></span></span></a></h1></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></p><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La
partecipazione all’antologia <i>Assalto al Sole</i>, prima
antologia solarpunk di autori italiani, mi ha spinto a interrogarmi
sulle caratteristiche e sui molteplici significati e obiettivi del
solarpunk, che non è una semplice diramazione della fantascienza ma
un vasto movimento, una visione del mondo, una riflessione sul
futuro. Prendo a prestito queste parole da <i>Solarpunk: l'utopia che
vuole esistere</i><sup><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>1</b></span></sup><i><b>,</b></i><i>
</i><span style="font-style: normal;">un testo chiaro e ricco di
spunti che </span>consiglio a chi, per la prima volta, volesse
avvicinarsi all’argomento:</span></span></div><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><blockquote>… <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>il
solarpunk si fa interprete di sentimenti e istanze attualissime e
utili a un progresso collettivo, organico, equo, ecologico,
inclusivo; si esplicita in un comparto visuale che va oltre la mera
suggestione estetica; fin dai suoi inizi esprime una visione politica
complessa e aperta a vari contributi, ma chiara.</i></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></blockquote></div><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><blockquote style="text-align: left;">È
un genere, insomma, che potrebbe essere un movimento: potrebbe
aiutarci non solo a immaginare un futuro migliore, ma anche a
costruire strategie operative per avvicinarci a tali visioni
condivise.</blockquote></i></span></span></div><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></blockquote><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i> </i></span>Quando sono stata invitata a partecipare
all’antologia ho pensato: “Io non sono ottimista, magari nutro
qualche speranza sul futuro ma NON sono ottimista”. </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Però sono curiosa e soprattutto ritengo
decoroso fare del mio meglio. Fino a che ci sarà spazio per dire
“questo mondo non mi piace, ne voglio uno diverso” io continuerò
a farlo. Quindi eccomi qui. </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Per il resto </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">non
cercavo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">forse ancora </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">non
cerco</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
un’etichetta per il mio pensiero e la mia scrittura. </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">In sostanza, d</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">iversamente
da chi prima ha scelto il pensiero solarpunk, cioè si è schierato,
e poi ha letto e scritto, io </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">–
condividendone la visione generale, chiamiamola “ecopolitica”, –
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ho </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">scritto
e solo dopo mi sono chiesta “ma io ho bisogno del solarpunk, sono
convinta che il solarpunk possa davvero fare la differenza?”</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Questo intervento è il risultato di una
esplorazione condotta a mente fredda, di una scorpacciata di articoli
e post, di un gioco di rimbalzo tra dichiarazioni, note e citazioni. È servito a chiarirmi le idee e a prendere le misure, a mettere in evidenza nodi interessanti del solarpunk e aspetti che, a mio parere, potrebbero essere esplorati da chi scrive solarpunk. È un materiale grezzo, che sarei contenta di condividere e
che ha la sola pretesa di essere discusso. Scrivendo</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">inizialmente </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ho
cercato di tenere separato l’aspetto puramente narrativo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">di
questo “genere”, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">dall</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">e</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
tematic</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">he</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">più a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">mpie
del movimento</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> ma confesso di non
esserci riuscita </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">p</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">r
almeno due motivi:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">1. Il solarpunk ha una base ideologica e
progettuale che va oltre, e semmai precede, la narrativa, ma poiché
esplora il futuro, lo prefigura e in qualche modo vuole plasmarlo, ha
bisogno di un immaginario </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">narrativo</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Parallelamente, a chi</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">unque</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
voglia </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">portare un contributo
critico, quell’immaginario è indispensabile.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">2. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Io
ho avvicinato il solarpunk </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">scrivendo
e </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">leggendo, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">quindi
forse </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">la cosa migliore è tenere
tutto insieme. </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9zt1RjDb7R13dRRyObtLveX_mZ50EyIEUJnEF1K1qHsiNo-vDrrCXITTctt7gfg2ntNCpdz1Yj8tdcnrwYuzH-CqHBFBbtdgQCnI3AgxXPmBpPtfxcZYPGuGPglQ_8lDJp615kHZKy6w/s236/solar4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="236" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9zt1RjDb7R13dRRyObtLveX_mZ50EyIEUJnEF1K1qHsiNo-vDrrCXITTctt7gfg2ntNCpdz1Yj8tdcnrwYuzH-CqHBFBbtdgQCnI3AgxXPmBpPtfxcZYPGuGPglQ_8lDJp615kHZKy6w/w400-h285/solar4.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="entry-title"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.habitante.it/habitare/architettura/giardini-centri-commerciali/attachment/vincent-callebaut-architectures-wooden-orchids-shopping-center-china-designboom-09-0/">Wooden Orchids, Vincent Callebaut Architectures</a><br /></span></h1></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
<p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>I miei punti di partenza</b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">1. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Non
sono nemica della narrativa distopica, semmai ne </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">constato</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
il possibile appiattirsi su </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">temi
frusti </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">il rischio per chi ne scrive di
trovare esattamente ciò che già sapeva (e che ormai danno per
scontato in tanti)</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">2. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Ritengo
che nell’ambito di questa riflessione sostantivi come </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>pessimismo</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">distopico</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>ottimismo</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">solarpunk</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">)
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">iano
limitanti e </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">possibili fonti di
equivoci. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Contrapporli uno
all’altro mi pare sterile (a meno di non fare molte, molte
precisazioni…) e non credo di essere l’unica a pensarlo. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">L’unico
modo in cui li </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ritengo
utili, </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">a
essere onesta, è nell’accostamento </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">propost</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">o</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
da Romain Rolland e res</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">o</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
celebr</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">e</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
da Antonio Gramsci: «pessimismo dell’intelligenza e ottimismo
della volontà».</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">3. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">I</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l
termine che </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">mi pare più adatto </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">a
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">caratterizzare i</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l
solarpunk </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">speculativo (cioè
quello non didascalico </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">né –
ammesso che esista –</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
forzatamente “gioioso”</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">è </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>realismo</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">.
E questo chiedo al solarpunk: <b>di essere realista</b>.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">È</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>
crudo realismo</b> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">p</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">artire
dall’assunto che le energie rinnovabili </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e
una gestione </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ostenibile
s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">iano l’unica soluzione
possibile </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">di fronte alla crisi
climatica</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">, così come è realismo
individuare nel modello di produzione figlio delle rivoluzioni
industriali il colpevole principale della crisi climatica, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">nonché
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">dell’impoverimento tragico
dell’ambiente e della maggioranza degli abitanti che ci vivono</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">:<b>
negli ultimi due secoli siamo davvero vissuti nel </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><b>capitalocene</b>,
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">guidati,
cioè (ma forse farei meglio a dire </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">«</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">posseduti</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">»</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;">dal</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>
Realismo capitalista</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>2</b></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>Dubbi e domande scomode</b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Molti tirano un sospiro di
sollievo alla prospettiva di leggere, scrivere e identificarsi con un
tipo di pensiero n</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">on</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
distopico, altri (me compresa) si impuntano e dicono </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">«</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">aspetta
un attimo!</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">».</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Può darsi che la distopia
intossichi (un aspetto su cui occorrerà tornare). Ma per questa
cautela forse ci sono altri motivi</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">A. I</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>rifiuto</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,
assolutamente condivisibile, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>della
«narrativa a tesi</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>»</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>:</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ho delle idee chiare in testa,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">scrivo per convincerti e quindi
conduco la mia storia su binari che già conosco, invece di esplorare
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">il mio scenario </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e
sorprendere anche me. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">A essere
onesta, i coautori di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Assalto
al sole</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> (come anche Francesco Verso con i suoi due romanzi <i>I camminatori</i>) ha</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">nno</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
dimostrato che il solarpunk nostrano è in grado di produrre testi di</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
spessore, originalità e punti di vista variegati, e non tesi
precostituite. </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">B</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il
contrario di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">«</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">distopia</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">»</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">,
almeno apparentemente, è </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">«</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">utopia</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">»,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">un sostantivo che il solarpunk
rivendica</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">. A molti, però </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">(me
compresa)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>l</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>e
utopie fanno paura</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">: ne</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">l
secolo breve e anche prima </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">e
ne sono</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> già viste troppe
naufragare diventando rigido pensiero unico. </span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Leggendo qua e là, comunque, ho trovato
questa frase abbastanza convincente:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span><blockquote><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Io
vedo le utopie come intensamente pratiche, in realtà come pratiche
portate agli estremi</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">3</span></b></span></sup><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></i></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></i></span></blockquote><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a name="s2_220"></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">P</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">r</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">atiche
portate agli estremi</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">…</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Promette
bene, devo ammetterlo. </span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikbKFseDi25k9D-xneWYemcdOIIrBPGhFTmw_Q4H5VUT88tCiMQsVlG_r9ZYb87eNN08VcSP3pDVaEIxf_ryvLstuZxQ2ERlo9Ciq4hbp_zwAdUENJubKMYf_R-tWdVeIZiKPF9GMFV50/s564/solar6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="564" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikbKFseDi25k9D-xneWYemcdOIIrBPGhFTmw_Q4H5VUT88tCiMQsVlG_r9ZYb87eNN08VcSP3pDVaEIxf_ryvLstuZxQ2ERlo9Ciq4hbp_zwAdUENJubKMYf_R-tWdVeIZiKPF9GMFV50/w640-h402/solar6.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">C.
</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">I</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">o
però stavo cercando rispost</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">e</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
convincent</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">i</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
a una domanda emersa qua e là durante le presentazioni di </span><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Assalto
al Sole</span></i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
e altre discussioni online: </span><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">m</span></b><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">a
c’è proprio bisogno del solarpunk?</span></b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
Non ci sono già altri movimenti impegnati e creativi in
circolazione?</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Anche </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Jennifer
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Hamilton, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">docente
di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">C</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">li</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">mate
F</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">i</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ction</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
all’Università di Sidney,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> si è
fatta una domanda simile, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">chiara
nella sua provocatoria ridondanza (perdonate gli * della traduzione),
e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> si è data qualche risposta.</span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">La
domanda che mi rimane in tutto questo è “cosa differenzia un*
solarpunk da un* </span></i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://theecosexuals.ucsc.edu/ecosex/"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ecosessuale</span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
o un</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">a
</span></i></span><a href="https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/POM/article/view/2072"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ecofemminista
tecnopagana</span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
o un* </span></i></span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/327822750900209/?acontext=%7B%22ref%22%3A%223%22%2C%22ref_newsfeed_story_type%22%3A%22regular%22%2C%22action_history%22%3A%22null%22%7D"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">eco-afrofuturista</span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">o</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
a</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">nche</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">un*
<a href="https://medium.com/solarpunks/002-a-simple-set-of-tools-interview-with-jesse-grimes-pt1-832ebdcaad05">permaculturista</a></span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">?
O, </span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">anche</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">da
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">alt</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">r</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">i
movimenti utopistici vestiti in modo colorato e politicamente
orientati</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">?</span></i></span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">4</span></b></span></span></sup></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></b></span></span></sup></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b></b></span></span></sup></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></p><blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">… </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">l'attenzione
al cambiamento culturale che necessariamente accompagnerà la piena
transizione alle energie rinnovabili è la caratteristica distintiva
di solarpunk.</span></i></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i></span></span><p></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a name="s2_226"></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Questo
è ciò che trovo profondamente convincente nella sottocultura
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">[solarpunk]</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.
Di solito ci chiediamo “le rinnovabili possono sostituire i
combustibili fossili?”. Si tratta di una questione importante, ma
non affronta i legami tra <a href="https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Living_Oil.html?id=fXP1AQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">cultura ed energia</a>. Così invece i solarpunk chiedono “che tipo di
mondo emergerà quando finalmente passeremo alle rinnovabili?</span></i></span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">4</span></b></span></span></sup></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b></b></span></span></sup></span><p></p></blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Ossia? </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAmyNxbd6mJcQG14K8RhrsYmDwev9cxeqFo9vhmX3herPhadKpYlFqk32HRheW-GR3i2p11VOyqWrl9iwS7tjnQG_EuQV7AYyi4-OcLmj75JPNorh4Bsceae32UVVeOOpdA-nbVeB1kmA/s400/living+oil.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="267" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAmyNxbd6mJcQG14K8RhrsYmDwev9cxeqFo9vhmX3herPhadKpYlFqk32HRheW-GR3i2p11VOyqWrl9iwS7tjnQG_EuQV7AYyi4-OcLmj75JPNorh4Bsceae32UVVeOOpdA-nbVeB1kmA/w240-h359/living+oil.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Ecco, s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">eguendo
il link </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">contenuto nella risposta</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">come ho fatto io, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">scoprirete
un corposo libro intitolato </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Living
Oil: Petroleum Culture in the American Century, </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">di
Stephanie LeMenager. Un libro che studia i legami complessi, e non
tutti ovvi, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">tra il petrolio,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
i nostri stili di vita </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
la cultura </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">occidentale ma in
particolare americana: il petrolio ha portato il mondo nell’età
moderna.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Siamo dipendenti dal
petrolio ma anche dalla visione del</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">la
natura </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">come nostro possesso che </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">le
energie fossili ci </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ha</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">nno</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
permesso di coltivare. Un </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">brutto
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">m</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">odo
di pensare</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">, naturalmente, ma
difficile da sradicare. Comprenderlo, cercare di <u>sostituire questa
cultura </u></span><u><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">sporca </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">con
</span></u><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><u>una cultura sostenibile da tutti e
dal pianeta è una bella sfida</u>. </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Auguriamoci che il solarpunk sia
all’altezza. </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Ora posso </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">finalmente
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">continuare.</span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b> </b></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Questioni da approfondire</b></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><b>I.
Locale o globale?</b></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><blockquote>
… <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>il
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>Solarpunk
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>punta
a trasformare la fantascienza in azione scientifica.</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>Una
emergente sensibilità estetica sostiene e guida questo impulso. Come
stile di un genere la rappresentazione visuale </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>Solarpunk
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>è
distintamente architettonica e infrastrutturale: </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><u>nonostante
molti blogger enfatizzino l’importanza del “locale” è
necessariamente globale nella concezione</u></i></span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><u><b>3</b></u></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>.</i></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Non è una questione da poco. N</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">onostante
l’</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">esplorazione narrativa dei
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">sola</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">r</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">punk
possa (e spesso debba) </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">cominciare
s</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">u scala locale, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">resta
inteso che </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">il pianeta deve
salvarsi tutto insieme o non si salverà. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Come
ha scritto Luka Kremo</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>tornando ai generi e alla “letteratura
del futuro”, è necessario quindi che il solarpunk non rimanga uno
sterile esercizio di “immaginazione ottimista”, ma che contenga
le problematiche dei molteplici rapporti che noi abbiamo con il
mondo, con i parassiti, i batteri, i virus e tutti i biomi che ci
circondano. </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><u>Di più:
ridefinire il “noi” oltre l’essere umano, e intenderlo come
intero sistema biologico, come </u></i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">olobioma</span></u></i></span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>5</b></span></sup></b></span></blockquote></blockquote><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7wKh0-CC_WoczKxgW1p2bC5M36K5Tv2Xdm5B0sLbC2qejz3g3l4srtvw6u7o8DHDy6lSCtG4XtvQ3zMbFRIOZwjwfx36OxLiZwMllRhsQhf98Fzj4YDf_QtOFplA6JPPgtmZsFdpOjEs/s400/olobioma1.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7wKh0-CC_WoczKxgW1p2bC5M36K5Tv2Xdm5B0sLbC2qejz3g3l4srtvw6u7o8DHDy6lSCtG4XtvQ3zMbFRIOZwjwfx36OxLiZwMllRhsQhf98Fzj4YDf_QtOFplA6JPPgtmZsFdpOjEs/w640-h640/olobioma1.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p></div><b></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
</span>
<p></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></b></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /> II. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Eco</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">sostenibili.
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ma </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">come?</span></b></i></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Questo
tema mi è sembrato del tutto ovvio </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">–
l’UE, ad esempio, ne sta parlando tantissimo e stanzia fondi
cospicui per costruire un futuro ecosostenibile… </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">–
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">fino
a quando, leggendo qua e là in rete, non mi sono imbattuta in un
articolo</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>6</b></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
che mi ha dato </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">molto
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">da
pensare. </span></span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">L’autore
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">osserva:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></span></i></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">la
sostenibilità </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">viene
sentita </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ancora
spesso come un argomento amorfo discusso per lo più in vaghe
dichiarazioni. È come la pace o la speranza. Tutti l</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
vogliono, ma nessuno sa davvero che aspetto abbia.</span></span></span></i></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></span></i></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">E
pensare che l</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
prima definizione di ecosostenibilità risale al 1987: </span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Lo
sviluppo sostenibile è uno sviluppo che soddisfa le esigenze del
presente, </span></i><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">senza </span></i><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
compromette</span></i><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">re</span></i><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
la capacità delle generazioni future di soddisfare le proprie
esigenze.</span></i></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Un
capolavoro di ambiguità, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">vero?
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">quali
esigenze </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">si
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">rifer</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">isce</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">?
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Chi
prova queste esigenze nel presente? Dove vive? E quali sarebbero le
generazioni future? In quale tempo e luogo?</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6a84XJ2lkYim6bG_5ky7fQL1Jys9O__9DCeK-WS4RJn0wUxX9V5yzRy_cndiDmB8URBoRgzTQNA8CfOAlNcgd2cCPIdAPxiCU7lVSql8FOwmPPL7lmGhIXrqQWBY-94zinFusEcUl9w/s768/eolico-tramonto.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="768" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6a84XJ2lkYim6bG_5ky7fQL1Jys9O__9DCeK-WS4RJn0wUxX9V5yzRy_cndiDmB8URBoRgzTQNA8CfOAlNcgd2cCPIdAPxiCU7lVSql8FOwmPPL7lmGhIXrqQWBY-94zinFusEcUl9w/w400-h266/eolico-tramonto.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://scienzaverde.it/energia-eolica-blog/eolico-italia-futuro/">Eolico al tramonto </a></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: georgia;">Una lettura istruttiva</span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">questo
articolo, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">che
invita a farsi domande specifiche:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a name="s2_121"></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></i></span></span></p><blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Stiamo
parlando di sostenibilità per </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">gli
umani</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
gli animali, le piante e/o altri sistemi naturali?</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Se
gli esseri umani stanno vivendo “stili di vita più sostenibili”
mentre il tasso di estinzione per le piante e gli animali continua la
sua traiettoria verso l'alto, possiamo chiamarlo un successo?</span></span></i></span></span></p></blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8VWP6Ip9ry4fAiDA0HLIPlrq9WgxcTJWHPSqN8ni4wQw99XLQIJXJZTqzveJqrcFMr-kjosRJlb8RfnGaKtIFAcwWsIfc17vXO9IPtrwir5D3zdPq9oBZL69oi7DRzLyBpEz7TBBSOuw/s1097/estinzione.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="1097" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8VWP6Ip9ry4fAiDA0HLIPlrq9WgxcTJWHPSqN8ni4wQw99XLQIJXJZTqzveJqrcFMr-kjosRJlb8RfnGaKtIFAcwWsIfc17vXO9IPtrwir5D3zdPq9oBZL69oi7DRzLyBpEz7TBBSOuw/w640-h408/estinzione.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Facciamoci
una domanda banale: </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">«quando
u</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">n</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
concessionario</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> di
automobili</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
r</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">itira</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
il n</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ostro</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">usato
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">vecchio
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">e
inquinante</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
dova lo smaltisce?» A quanto pare, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">alla
fine di molti passaggi, l’auto NON viene rottamata ma </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">allontana</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ta</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
dalla scena. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Inviata
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">in
aree del mondo nelle quali anche un vecchio arnese inquinante possa
essere ancora interessante. Ad esempio? Coraggio, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">osate:</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
L’AFRICA! </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">[dalla rivista <a href="https://www.africarivista.it/vecchie-auto-inquinano-lafrica/175023/">Africa</a>]</span></span><p></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">Già. <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">La
medesima Africa dove smaltiamo La plastica e le componenti dei
cellulari e altri rifiuti RAEE. </span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ora, quanto sarà facile
convincere gli zelanti "smaltitori" del</span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">la vecchia Europa, degli Stati Uniti e del Giappone</span></span></span> a convertirsi alla sostenibilità globale? Quanti altri esempi di questo genere si potrebbero fare? Chi controllerà i fautori della green economy affinché le energie rinnovabili vengano utilizzate ovunque</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">?<br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Non negherete che questi siano temi
interessanti per chi voglia scrivere storie solarpunk…</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b></b></span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj86VxDrSfmmknzShvjwPghAhHS4jvq0JX5KOUnbwETxy4TnV-i6GWXfthvaN4WwuVsTTLoYmJ_2d_ed4yazhFtJqPAJNxU2XQ-fxLblzFLtPITJw6FKv9UBZEn3N1m5w1c594atjqBm4o/s275/serre+laken.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj86VxDrSfmmknzShvjwPghAhHS4jvq0JX5KOUnbwETxy4TnV-i6GWXfthvaN4WwuVsTTLoYmJ_2d_ed4yazhFtJqPAJNxU2XQ-fxLblzFLtPITJw6FKv9UBZEn3N1m5w1c594atjqBm4o/w400-h266/serre+laken.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Art Nouveau: The Royal Greenhouses of Laeken, by Alphonse Balat</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>III. </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Luce
in fondo al tunnel? </b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Forse
no</b></span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Anche con tutta la buona volontà del
mondo i solarpunk potrebbero non riuscire a vincere. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Questo
paragrafo è dedicato ai </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">possibili
fallimenti del movimento solarpunk, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">così
come vengono indicati da Andrew Dana Hudson</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>7</b></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">;
l</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">i</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
riassumo alla spicciolata, ma </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">occorre
rifletterci, svilupparli, esplorarli narrativamente</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">1. <b>Non riusciremo </b>a imporre
scelte sostenibili.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">2. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">P</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">iano
piano </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">taglieremo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">le
emissioni di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">CO2</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,
ma </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">senza cambiare </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">il
rapporto degenere con la natura, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e
senza </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">intraprend</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ere</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
grandi progetti per paura dei costi e delle conseguenze. <b>T</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>utto
procederà come ora</b>: </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">incidenti,
sversamenti, contaminazioni, estinzioni ed epidemie. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">C</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ontinueremo
a dover correre</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> al soccorso, alla
bonifica, al contenimento</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">…</span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> 3. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Costruiremo città modello, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>cattedrali
nel deserto</b> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">simbolo della nostra
buona v</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">olontà,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
ma inabitabili per </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">i cittadini
comuni (non sarebbe la prima volta).</span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7vYJNBdlYXYYPOyEBxXTUZGTBCYgVZL3Gef-yr-8KzPWi2bhX7lbaZmJ1h41Jzd_6_VNvgm7qIdzr8eNgZdjOyBHEf1kMRq0IUCTJPieUVWv_DfbGrcjhmuvq1M-idAsmnwMWhTDYmBI/s1280/Bras%25C3%25ADlia_Collage.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7vYJNBdlYXYYPOyEBxXTUZGTBCYgVZL3Gef-yr-8KzPWi2bhX7lbaZmJ1h41Jzd_6_VNvgm7qIdzr8eNgZdjOyBHEf1kMRq0IUCTJPieUVWv_DfbGrcjhmuvq1M-idAsmnwMWhTDYmBI/w400-h640/Bras%25C3%25ADlia_Collage.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brasilia<span class="s1">, sogno degli utopisti, <i>l’urbanistica realizzata</i> sul nulla degli altipiani. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">4. R</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ealizzeremo un </span><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">solarpunk per pochi</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,
lasciando che i</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l capitalismo
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">continui a </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
dettare la dist</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">r</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ibuzione
delle tecnologie sostenibili.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><b>IV. </b><b>Possibili rischi </b><b>per
il solarpunk</b></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Un tempo il cyberpunk è stato alimentato
da una forte spinta anticapitalista e libertaria. Come dice
giustamente Franco Ricciardiello </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">nell’introduzione
di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Assalto al Sole</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">non dobbiamo vergognarci del
nostro periodo cyberpunk. Forse, però dovremmo chiederci tutti come sia
andato a finire. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Se ne sono
impadronite l</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e Major, le serie TV,
la ripetizione continua degli stessi temi. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Pensate a
quanto hanno “r</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">ubato</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">”
dal</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l’estetica </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">cyberpunk,
fino a ridurlo a un’etichetta, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">distopica
e ormai avulsa dal futuro immaginato dai cyberpunk negli anni
Ottanta</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>L’iconico
creatore di giochi <a href="https://www.eurogamer.it/articles/2020-06-08-news-videogiochi-cyberpunk-e-stato-un-avvertimento-non-unaspirazione-mike-pondsmith-situazione-usa">Mike Pondsmith</a> viene spesso accreditato di aver
creato l’estetica cyberpunk: Nel 2020 così tanta gente ha
cominciato ad affermare che il suo lavoro sta prendendo vita che ha
rilasciato una dichiarazione ricordando alla gente che la sua
estetica era stata un “avvertimento”, non qualcosa a cui
aspirare<sup><b>8</b></sup></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">anche</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></i></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Questo
[la prevalenza della distopia], si potrebbe sostenere, è perché
scenari apocalittici sono più facili da dipingere di utopie
realistiche. Ma </span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">poiché il</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
2020 ha iniziato ad apparire sempre più come una sesta stagione di
</span></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Black
Mirror</span></span><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">, il
creatore della serie iconica, Charlie Brooker, ha detto che si stava
prendendo una pausa dalle </span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">proprie</span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
distopie immaginarie</span><sup><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">8</span></b></sup></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Ma, soprattutto:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span></p><blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Nel mondo del commercio di materie
prime. Acquirenti e venditori le dividono in tre diverse categorie.
Materie prime crude come il denaro, materie prime dure come il
petrolio e l'acciaio, materie prime morbide come il grano e la
frutta. Vorrei suggerire che proprio ora nel nostro panorama
mediatico globale ne abbiamo una quarta. Materie prime narrative, o
mediatiche<sup><b>9</b></sup>
</i></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p></blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">E</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">d è
proprio in questa quarta categoria che dobbiamo esaminare il ruolo
del Solarpunk, secondo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Jay
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Springett:</span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"> <i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La
nostra attuale cultura popolare sembra incapace di elaborare o di
affrontare la portata della crisi che stiamo affrontando</span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>9</b></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">.</span></span></i></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></i></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">E</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">cco
perché abbiamo bisogno di pensare nuovi futuri, dice Springett, e di
farlo insieme.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">La sorte di diventare una etichetta,
avulsa dal movimento libertario che in questo stesso momento lo sta
creando,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> p</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">otrebbe
accadere </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">anche a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
variegato, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">promettente </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">movimento
solarpunk? </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Secondo Elvia Wilk</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>4</b></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
e altri autori </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">sì.</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9e5vfBNI_TxnO6jxlRwGpkBwc1-Wo3aZKw7d9REAzqRaPSbfPTAJeXad3sHG8LeAzzfCSTVc4C9RC3soQTR7ann7tUCe64SDj8GhioR4CCGJlk3687rPr8CsoPJZjQNcuIG6fYy8ui8/s720/The-guerilla-gardening-La-005.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9e5vfBNI_TxnO6jxlRwGpkBwc1-Wo3aZKw7d9REAzqRaPSbfPTAJeXad3sHG8LeAzzfCSTVc4C9RC3soQTR7ann7tUCe64SDj8GhioR4CCGJlk3687rPr8CsoPJZjQNcuIG6fYy8ui8/w640-h426/The-guerilla-gardening-La-005.webp" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2012/may/23/guerrilla-gardening-richard-reynolds">Guerrilla Gardening Lavender Fields</a></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2012/may/23/guerrilla-gardening-richard-reynolds"><br /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /> </span>L</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">’</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>a</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>ddomesticamento</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">del solarpunk è una possibilità
concreta: più </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">lo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">renderemo </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">“ortodosso”,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
ridotto a pura estetica, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">più
facile sarà </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">svuotarlo
dall’interno</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Pensate
a quanta pubblicità già ora si è appropriata di temi quali sostenibilità, <i>green economy</i>
ecc. Il problema è che senza questo passaggio, senza che la
produzione capitalista si sposti verso la sostenibilità fiutando un
buon affare, il solarpunk non potrà vincere. Questa è la dimensione
politica del solapunk, doversi sporcare le mani. È così, ed è
ovvio, ma occorre stare in guardia.</span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>È possibile che un passaggio alle
rinnovabili segnerà la fine del capitalismo; che le forme
alternative di energia non s</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>iano</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>
compatibili con il graal del capitale di profitto e crescita – Ma
dove c'è una volontà capitalista di solito c'è una via
capitalista. La necessità della transizione energetica ci fornisce
un momento storico di crisi. Ideologie opposte lottano sul futuro non
solo dell'energia, ma della società. </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i><u>Il
punto è meno che le energie rinnovabili equivalgano automaticamente
a una società più giusta, e più che i massicci cambiamenti
infrastrutturali futuri forniscano una leva per istituire qualcosa di
meglio</u></i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><b>1</b></i></span></sup><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><b>0</b></i></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></span></blockquote><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_YTGy2khQMJAeaC4bK9dFjgwPISI0IqA4UaVDzJ3KdtgqSfE4QF64ng5Lfi-YAJ9Xv4VZptk-zCnNiRmMOGI47cYY7M8M6ZqWnceBD0ZSEnGRJ4oMD8KOZKMynykkrrLggFSxyUUw46M/s2048/GRAFICO_GRAFINOMIX_ENERGIA-01.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1072" data-original-width="2048" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_YTGy2khQMJAeaC4bK9dFjgwPISI0IqA4UaVDzJ3KdtgqSfE4QF64ng5Lfi-YAJ9Xv4VZptk-zCnNiRmMOGI47cYY7M8M6ZqWnceBD0ZSEnGRJ4oMD8KOZKMynykkrrLggFSxyUUw46M/w640-h336/GRAFICO_GRAFINOMIX_ENERGIA-01.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/energia-entro-2030-italia-90percento-sara-fonti-rinnovabili-AEWaqyFF"> Sole 24 ore, 2018</a><br /><p></p><p> </p></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Secondo Springett, ma anche secondo Wilk,
la possibilità che il solarpunk (e Terra) si salvi ci sono, perché
il movimento è sfaccettato e si evolve proprio mentre cresce: </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i></i></span></p><blockquote><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Qualcosa che è più di un semplice
genere. È un movimento che sta cercando di costruire una nuova idea
del futuro. Tuttavia, ha bordi sfocati e permette a chiunque di
giocare al suo interno</i><b><sup><span style="font-style: normal;">9</span></sup></b><i>.</i></span></p></blockquote><p> </p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>V. Varie ed eventuali sul solarpunk
come genere narrativo</b></span></i></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-style: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">La narrativa è, come la realtà, una
visione molteplice e variegata, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">che
non può evitare le contrapposizioni ma, nella migliore delle
ipotesi, riesce a superarle: </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">i
punti di vista e le valutazioni si mescolano, ciò che prima pareva “buono” ora non lo è più, e viceversa, le aspettative si
rovesciano, le emozioni si stemperano a trascolorano. L’impossibilità
di una riconciliazione piano piano lascia il posto a una mediazione
necessaria (NON a un compromesso inaccettabile). </span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a name="s2_126"></a>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>Come
ottimismo e pessimismo, utopia e distopia non sono davvero
mutualmente esclusivi</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>.
</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Essi
sono eternamente coesistenti come due facce della stessa medaglia,
sempre minacciando di capovolger</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">si.
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">[…]
Ecco perché, se l'obiettivo dei solarpunk è di colmare il divario
di plausibilità, la positività non è necessariamente il punto</span></i></span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">4</span></b></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></i></span></span></blockquote></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Il
dubbio </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
la critica sono essenziali, così come il mantenere tutte le
sfumature e le aperture possibili. Non ci servono nuove ortodossie. All’ipotesi che la distopia intossichi,
Springett risponde sì, perché </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">la
nostra attuale cultura popolare non riesce (e non vuole) esplorare
nuovi futuri: dopo essersi appropriata dell’immaginario passato,
continua a rovistarlo e ad appiccicarne i pezzi insieme. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">La distopia, quindi, è "cattiva” solo se è banalizzante e/o se vuole far passare il
messaggio che è meglio accontentarsi del presente, perché potrebbe
anche andare peggio.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_XxoGDUuWa0_hCZpKruWF6PhVgC5WxxgjtYqd63clAb9inWcJqI8D1c8rch5aRfH33YtC78JCD0eFLlazDsDw-tFCw4oDrYMYQfXYjcK1_8hSv1dS_aJhYYo828ygH7joqdGgCBSvck/s564/solar9.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="564" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_XxoGDUuWa0_hCZpKruWF6PhVgC5WxxgjtYqd63clAb9inWcJqI8D1c8rch5aRfH33YtC78JCD0eFLlazDsDw-tFCw4oDrYMYQfXYjcK1_8hSv1dS_aJhYYo828ygH7joqdGgCBSvck/w640-h504/solar9.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://inhabitat.com/the-growroom-explores-how-cities-can-feed-themselves-using-local-food-producing-architecture/">Urban Farming: Growroom</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></div><p></p><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><br />Anche
Wilk mette riflette sulla distopia, citando Jill Lepore:</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>La
distopia è depoliticizzata quando è lasciata come una controfigura
per la critica, in grado di essere cooptat</i><i>a</i><i>
verso qualsiasi scopo ideologico. </i><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">La
distopia fa appello sia alla sinistra che alla destra, perché,
alla fine, richiede così poco per mezzo dell'immaginazione
letteraria, politica o morale, chiedendo solo che godiate della
compagnia di persone la cui paura del futuro si allinea comodamente
con la vostra</span></i><sup><b><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">4</span></b></sup>.<br /></span></span></blockquote></div><p></p><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Come tutta la buona narrativa, e come in
definitiva tutto il genere fantastico, il solarpunk conduce esperimenti sociali, politici, scientifici, in vitro:
che cosa succederebbe se</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">…? Per
farlo in maniera utile (utile a pensare, a suggerire visioni,
riflessioni) non deve essere incasellato in qualche definizione
troppo stretta. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Occorre</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
sopportare il dubbio,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> essere
soddisfatti che il solarpunk, anche dal punto di vista narrativo,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
sia qualcosa di indefinibile, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">sfrangiato,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
<b>un’aura più che un genere consolidato</b>, e che elementi
apparentemente contrastanti come l’ottimismo e il suo contrario,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">più </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">un
po’ di scetticismo e di ironia convivano nella medesima narrazione.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><b>VI. Lavorare da solarpunk</b></span></i></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">N</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">el
capitalismo il lavoro è la definizione pubblica di ognuno di noi. E
il capitalocene non ci addestra solo a lavorare, ma anche a
consumare… In un mondo diverso, non più vincolati dal ricatto a consumare, a spolpare il pianeta, chi saremo?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Sebbene
la narrativa solarpunk </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">esplori</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
non di rado questo tema</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">11</span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">,
il lavoro, come attività inserita nel contesto politico ed
economico di un mondo globale (e non intendo globalizzato in
senso capitalista) </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">non
è ancora affrontato in maniera soddisfacente. Se ne rivendica la
dignità e si rifiuta, com’è ovvio, la schiavitù di sgobbare per
arricchire i “megaricchi”: <br /></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;"><i><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;"></span></i></span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">Nello
scenario solarpunk, una “economia dei beni comuni” farebbe a meno
delle società di speculazione e della pianificazione centrale
statalista a favore delle cooperative gestite dai lavoratori, delle
reti di scambio collaborativo, dei </span></i><i><i><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">pool</span></i></i><i><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">
delle risorse comuni e del controllo degli investimenti da parte
delle comunità locali. L’obiettivo dell’economia sarebbe
riorientato dalla “produzione” allo scambio, dalla “crescita”
industriale alla produzione per l’uso e dall’aumento del
benessere psico-sociale delle persone e del pianeta. La produzione
verrebbe spostata il più vicino possibile al punto di consumo, con
l’obiettivo a lungo termine di una relativa autosufficienza nei
beni e nella produzione. Le forme decentrate di eco-tecnologia
verrebbero utilizzate per rendere il lavoro più partecipativo e
piacevole – artigianalizzando il processo produttivo stesso –
così come l’automatizzazione delle forme di lavoro noiose, sporche
e pericolose ovunque sia possibile</span></i><sup><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">12</span></b></span></sup><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;"><sup><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;"></span></b></span></sup><i><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">.</span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></blockquote><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span></span></span></span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">P</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">erò
continuo a </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> chiedermi come, nel nostro mondo
ancora dominato dal <i>Realismo capitalista</i>, ma anche pieno di
i</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">n</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">frastrutture
(compresi i trasporti </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
la distribuzione, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">tutto
ciò che garantisce quel poco o tanto di welfare, la manutenzione delle strade…) possa avvenire </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">la
transizione. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">È</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
difficile essere solarpunk in un mondo globalizzato. D'altra parte scrivere storie serve anche a questo: suggerire idee.<br /></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Un'altra questione che merita ogni attenzione da parte di chi voglia “scrivere” un futuro diverso. </span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcMAQ3tWgpWLXLyY8jZOPOh76KHfOMmSW2UpaSDQeoZqDnjviqWTS0Y7LauefCxhqJIyCOI_Z7jdh_cfV034QRFTyTKWtfa8y7jL5UbNyflQJq-M9HR2T34bVdHXdQwItD006CUMMxVI/s564/park+royal+tower.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="564" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcMAQ3tWgpWLXLyY8jZOPOh76KHfOMmSW2UpaSDQeoZqDnjviqWTS0Y7LauefCxhqJIyCOI_Z7jdh_cfV034QRFTyTKWtfa8y7jL5UbNyflQJq-M9HR2T34bVdHXdQwItD006CUMMxVI/w640-h330/park+royal+tower.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.architetturaecosostenibile.it/architettura/progetti/park-royal-tower-foresta-verticale-singapore-707">Park Royal Tower a Singapore</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>VII. Estetica
solarpunk</b></span></span></i></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Aggiungo un tema che rischia di essere un
po’ b</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">analizzato</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
dall’iconografia solarpunk ma che invece merita assoluta
attenzione: l’architettura del futuro. Come saranno le città
ecosostenibili di domani? E cosa fare di quelle non ecosostenibili di
oggi? </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Sognare città solarpunk
credo sia altrettanto importante che rifiutare periferie
«capitaloceniche». </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Le </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">immagini
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">accattivanti </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">di
Thumb</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">l</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">r
e Pinterest, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">tuttavia, non
suggeriscono nulla </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
proposito del passaggio dalle une alle altre. Non è compito dei
narratori scendere nei particolari, ovviamente, ma aver presente che
sarà un passaggio complesso e difficile </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e
lasciarlo almeno intuire sì.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p style="line-height: 0.6cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Per u</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">na
prima</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> ricognizione nell’estetica
solarpunk, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e su come l’estetica
si leghi alla dimensione politica</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">e sociale, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">consiglio
un interessante <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">articolo</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>13
</b></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">da
cui traggo questa citazione:</span></span></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>I</i><i>l
solarpunk ambisce a essere un movimento di rigenerazione del reale
capace di produrre soluzioni alle sfide che definiscono la nostra
epoca: invecchiamento della popolazione, crescente urbanizzazione e
cambiamento climatico. Nel farlo, esprime un’attitudine al recupero
di tecnologie cadute in disuso e alla loro integrazione con altre più
contemporanee, oltre che a una più generale armonizzazione di
tecnologia e natura. Tratti che vengono recuperati anche dalla
complessa estetica espressa dal movimento. Potremmo affermare, se ne
volessimo definire gli estremi, che essa si colloca in uno spettro
visivo compreso tra espliciti richiami all’</i><span style="font-style: normal;">art
nouveau</span><i> e riferimenti diretti al più contemporaneo design
biofilico</i>. </span></span></blockquote><p></p><p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVcHONIC1YSSCsYa0Q7YeKDOLtnElUmQ5Mjx0k9Xgw9vZI80WNPJJlWesDdPYlayFkZllOTKhaxpky7p8aiK5at6H-MBavqA_mBpxua45qpSgXPCN8DEkCxdx2w4aWMdGAlMI-vYK1foo/s564/vegetal+city.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="564" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVcHONIC1YSSCsYa0Q7YeKDOLtnElUmQ5Mjx0k9Xgw9vZI80WNPJJlWesDdPYlayFkZllOTKhaxpky7p8aiK5at6H-MBavqA_mBpxua45qpSgXPCN8DEkCxdx2w4aWMdGAlMI-vYK1foo/w640-h486/vegetal+city.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vegetal city di Luc Schuiten</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Bene, qui ho finito. Se avete resistito finora avete l'anima e la volontà – o almeno la curiosità – di chi potrebbe davvero contribuire a cambiare il mondo.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Così vi lascio con due citazioni che, non a caso, insistono sul sul termine "interdipendenza". La prima è di Will Hutton:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.6cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"></span></p><blockquote><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">Oggi una forma di globalizzazione senza regole del libero mercato, <span style="font-weight: normal;">con
la sua propensione per crisi e pandemie, sta morendo. Però ne sta
nascendo un’altra, che </span> riconosce l’interdipendenza e il
primato dell’azione collettiva basata sull’evidenza dei fatti.<sup><b>14</b></sup></span></i></blockquote><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><sup><b></b></sup>
</span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p></div><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">L'altra è di Giulia Abbate<sup><b>15</b></sup></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;">. Parla, almeno così l'ho capita io, di un mito ormai da archiviare e della necessità di riconoscere la rete di rapporti e connessioni che ci lega gli uni agli altri – passato, presente e possibili futuri – e a tutta la vita del pianeta. La cito male e me ne scuso, sperando che voglia riscriverla per me.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>È puerile insistere sull'indipendenza a scapito dell'interdipendenza.</i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Bibliografia</b></span><i><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><br /></i></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">.
</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>Solarpunk:
l'utopia che vuole esistere</i></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">,</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">
Giulia Abbate e Romina Braggion </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">(</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">a
cura di</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">)</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">,
</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Zest
Letteratura sostenibile</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span>2.
<i>Realismo capitalista</i>, Mark Fisher, Nero, «not», 2018 (trad. V.
Mattioli)</span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">3.
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Mckenzie
Wark </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">in
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/positions/191258/is-ornamenting-solar-panels-a-crime/">I</a><a href="https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/positions/191258/is-ornamenting-solar-panels-a-crime/">s
Ornamenting Solar Panels a Crime?</a></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Elvia
Wilk, e-flux architecture</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">4.
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><a href="https://theconversation.com/explainer-solarpunk-or-how-to-be-an-optimistic-radical-80275">Explainer:
‘solarpunk’, or how to be an optimistic radical</a> </span></span></i></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Jennifer
Hamilton, </span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">in
The Conversation </span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">19
luglio 2017</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">5.
<i>Chthulupunk, sottogenere del solarpunk?</i> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Lucka
Kremo in </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://nazioneoscura.wordpress.com/2020/09/25/chthulupunk-sottogenere-del-solarpunk/?fbclid=IwAR2342p4M7BZvUzhzs20tO67tMWumYDtKygRK7Jz9G6JnytStMTHF1R-r3U"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Nazione
oscura caotica</span></span></span></span></span></a></b></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;">6.<span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span><span><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">OPINION:
What does a sustainable future actually look like? If sustainability
is going to succeed, it’s time to talk specifics.</span></i></span><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Todd
Reubold </span></span><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">in
</span></span><a href="opinion:%20What%20does%20a%20sustainable%20future%20actually%20look%20like?If%20sustainability%20is%20going%20to%20succeed,%20it%E2%80%99s%20time%20to%20talk%20specifics.%20Di%20Todd%20Reubold"><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">ensia.</span></span></a><a href="opinion:%20What%20does%20a%20sustainable%20future%20actually%20look%20like?If%20sustainability%20is%20going%20to%20succeed,%20it%E2%80%99s%20time%20to%20talk%20specifics.%20Di%20Todd%20Reubold"><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">com</span></span></a><span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">,
</span></span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">18 febbraio 2014</span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span>7.</span><span>
</span><span><i>Sulle dimensioni</i></span><span>
</span><span><i>politiche del
Solarpunk</i></span><span> di Andrew
Dana Hudson </span><span>in </span><span>AA.VV.,
</span><span><i>Solarpunk. Come ho
imparato ad amare il futuro</i></span><span>,
Collana Future Fiction n. 80, Future Fiction.</span> https://</span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;">8. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><i>Solarpunk
Is Growing a Gorgeous New World in the Cracks of the Old One </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span><span style="font-style: normal;">Carin
Ism and Julien Leyre in <a href="https://singularityhub.com/2020/09/06/solarpunk-is-growing-a-gorgeous-new-world-in-the-cracks-of-the-old-one/">SingularityHub</a>
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;">06 settembre 2020</span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">9.
https://www.thejaymo.net/solarpunk-rusted-chrome/</span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">10.
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Rhys
Williams </span></i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">cit. in 9</span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">11. vedi <a href="https://www.pulplibri.it/francesco-verso-e-fabio-fernandes-a-cura-di-solarpunk-come-ho-imparato-ad-amare-il-futuro/">recensione di D. Gallo</a> ai racconti del volume cit. in 7 <br /></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">12.
<a href="https://civiltascomparse.wordpress.com/2019/03/22/cose-il-solarpunk-e-i-suoi-diversi-aspetti/">https://civiltascomparse.wordpress.com/2019/03/22/cose-il-solarpunk-e-i-suoi-diversi-aspetti/</a></span></span>
</p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
</p><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">13.www.domusweb.it/it/architettura/gallery/2020/09/16/le-architetture-utopiche-del-solarpunk-.html</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 embtmqzv fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb teo7jy3c m6dqt4wy h7mekvxk hnhda86s erlsw9ld hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><span class="a8c37x1j ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs l9j0dhe7 pby63qed" style="-moz-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; display: -webkit-box;"><span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> 14. <i>Un nuovo comunismo può salvarci</i>, Slavoj Zizek, in Internazionale 1349, 13 marzo 2020<br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 embtmqzv fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb teo7jy3c m6dqt4wy h7mekvxk hnhda86s erlsw9ld hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><span class="a8c37x1j ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs l9j0dhe7 pby63qed" style="-moz-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; display: -webkit-box;"><span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">15. S</span>eminario FUTURE STORYTELLING E COMUNICAZIONE SOCIALE presso Collegio ICM, Ingegneria del Cinema e dei Mezzi di Comunicazione, 14 novembre 2020, evento VC</span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></span></p><div class="bi6gxh9e aov4n071"><h2 class="gmql0nx0 l94mrbxd p1ri9a11 lzcic4wl d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz" dir="auto" tabindex="-1"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v hnhda86s erlsw9ld hzawbc8m" dir="auto" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></h2></div><div class="bi6gxh9e aov4n071"><h2 class="gmql0nx0 l94mrbxd p1ri9a11 lzcic4wl d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz" dir="auto"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 embtmqzv fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb teo7jy3c m6dqt4wy h7mekvxk hnhda86s erlsw9ld hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><span class="a8c37x1j ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs l9j0dhe7 pby63qed" style="-moz-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; display: -webkit-box;"><span><br /></span></span></span></h2></div><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i></span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> <br /></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span></p><p></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"></p>
<p> </p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"></span></b></span></span></span></sup></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span>
</p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="justify" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i> </i></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-26537740835595469512020-01-03T08:54:00.000-08:002020-01-03T08:54:47.873-08:00EMERGENZA CLIMATICA: POTEVAMO PENSARCI 53 ANNI FA!<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;">La
prova sta nelle pagine del “Mining Congress Journal” del 1966, in
un articolo scritto da James Garvey, presidente della Bitumous Coal
Research Inc. un ente che studiava l’uso del carbone. In esso,
Garvey evidenziava l’aumento della CO2 atmosferica causato
dall’uso di combustibili fossili e le sue conseguenze ambientali a
lungo termine trad. mia): </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="s2_1"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="s2_2"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="s2_3"></a>
<span style="background: #ffffff;"> </span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: #ffffff;">“<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">È
stato dimostrato che la quantità di anidride carbonica
nell'atmosfera terrestre sta aumentando rapidamente a causa dell’</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: #ffffff;">uso</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">
di combustibili fossili.</span> <span style="background: #ffffff;">Se
i</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">n</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">
futuro </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">il </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">tasso
di aumento continuerà com’è attualmente, si </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">prevede</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">
che </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">[…]</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">
la temperatura dell'atmosfera terrestre aumenterà e ne deriveranno
grandi cambiamenti </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">climatici</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">.</span>
<span style="background: #ffffff;">Tali cambia-menti provocheranno lo
scioglimento delle calotte polari che </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">avrà
come risultato </span><span style="background: #ffffff;">l'inondazione
di molte città costiere, tra cui New York e Londr</span><span style="background: #ffffff;">a.”</span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;">È
quindi chiaro che la Grande industria del Carbone era informata sulle
conseguenze delle proprie attività già più di mezzo secolo fa. La
notizia è contenuta in un articolo di Alex Saragosa sul numero 1658
de Il venerdì du Repubblica (27/12/2019). A scoprirla Chris Cherry,
ingegnere dell’Università del Tennessee.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.climatefiles.com/coal/mining-congress-journal-august-1965-air-pollution-and-the-coal-industry/">QUI </a>e <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7720507/Unearthed-journal-reveals-coal-industry-KNEW-climate-change-far-1966.html">QUI </a>le
fonti originali.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpXZ1VQslszpXjdvv46dJaZM6gDRCzczpolvgL4djcnu9zBQMK7RxtzGH2UKiIPu5JiPOU8RO1cgvpslKqwMYQ6NJzJV7yobBENbqXL3cWM2_DgV3ZrvFkJAENpqS3hbV0Da0fUe3b0bUU/s1600/emergenza+climatica.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpXZ1VQslszpXjdvv46dJaZM6gDRCzczpolvgL4djcnu9zBQMK7RxtzGH2UKiIPu5JiPOU8RO1cgvpslKqwMYQ6NJzJV7yobBENbqXL3cWM2_DgV3ZrvFkJAENpqS3hbV0Da0fUe3b0bUU/s640/emergenza+climatica.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
</div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;">E
ora chiediamoci: Perché il grande pubblico ne ha sentito parlare
solo molto tempo dopo?</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;">Perché,
come viene spiegato chiaramente in un <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/07/The-Climate-Deception-Dossiers.pdf">dossier</a> della Union Concerned
Scientist: sono seguiti: </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">“… <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">decenni
di lunga campagna da parte di una manciata delle più grandi società
mondiali di combustibili fossili—come Chevron, ConocoPhillips,
ExxonMobil, e Peabody Energy—per ingannare il pubblico americano
distorcendo le realtà e i rischi del cambiamento climatico, Talvolta
agendo direttamente e talvolta indirettamente attraverso associazioni
di categoria e gruppi di facciata.” </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;">Un
esempio: la “Peabody Energy”, circa quattro anni fa dichiarò </span><span style="background: transparent;">che
la CO2 è </span></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">“</span>un
gas benigno essenziale per tutta la vita.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">”</span></span></span></span></span> </span></span>
</div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background: transparent;">Una
dichiarazione vaga e ipocrita che, 49 anni dopo le osservazioni di
James Ga</span><span style="background: transparent;">r</span><span style="background: transparent;">vey
e in piena emergenza climatica, non può che suonare negazionista e
figlia di </span><span style="background: transparent;">ignobili
</span><span style="background: transparent;">interessi di parte. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div align="justify">
<br /></div>
s_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05628467686210836824noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-3324347863482803782019-10-31T11:52:00.001-07:002020-11-19T11:49:32.771-08:00Le storie dei Nuovi: gli Auditori<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="justify">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmpQ_nI_BKq8yPi1tsYi8MFhLjFB9uBWFm1f0019LsXkTLw63tJ7PzB79dW1vbz8jdcfZfaIWXvXpDF3WJ7sBqo8bqm16VGFLbAwvqLhNSFfyQdxfS4szU_6PAqKftPsHnzJNcCU62Dys/s1600/per+auditori.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="474" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmpQ_nI_BKq8yPi1tsYi8MFhLjFB9uBWFm1f0019LsXkTLw63tJ7PzB79dW1vbz8jdcfZfaIWXvXpDF3WJ7sBqo8bqm16VGFLbAwvqLhNSFfyQdxfS4szU_6PAqKftPsHnzJNcCU62Dys/s640/per+auditori.jpg" width="610" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"> Fra
tutti i Grandi Talenti, gli Auditori furono il primo gruppo a integrarsi nel
BEM, divenendone una delle componenti fondamentali. Difficili da
individuare tra i Semplici, i primi Auditori venivano considerati degli ibridi
tra Grandi empatici, Veggenti e paranoici. Nei secoli precedenti
probabilmente erano guaritori, sciamani, streghe… tutte quelle
categorie di soggetti paranormali ai quali di volta in volta le
società umane hanno attribuito potere benefico o malefico. Il
BEM ebbe il grande merito di capire quanto gli Auditori
potessero essere utili per individuare i talenti degli umani
interessati a far parte della Nuova Via. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;">Di tutti gli Auditori di quel primo periodo (ultimi anni del </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="color: black;">xxi</span></span>
secolo)</span> Milagros Omaldé
fu la più potente, grazie alla propria ascendenza femminile:
generazioni di donne dal talento brado. Milagros sapeva “annusare”, vedere in profondità i candidati e infine, per difendersi dal proprio talento e garantire la loro sicurezza, dimenticarli a volontà, affondando i ricordi nell’inconscio. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaBXX-pV-uI_AuCDwR2sfsSfmbidaVBIsO_FDEyfiFC6-_FLSPm6dzQAHioSOzByTQNHg8BcOrPcOGP3d2GonFYP_35NY2IQ-FFbTbK7URdK4_5K-X33on156dtDj5nWa4eFmHOW9_PM/s1600/milagros.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="133" data-original-width="185" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaBXX-pV-uI_AuCDwR2sfsSfmbidaVBIsO_FDEyfiFC6-_FLSPm6dzQAHioSOzByTQNHg8BcOrPcOGP3d2GonFYP_35NY2IQ-FFbTbK7URdK4_5K-X33on156dtDj5nWa4eFmHOW9_PM/s400/milagros.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;">Milagros
compare in due racconti contenuti nell’antologia <i>Isola di
Passaggio</i>: <i>Un passaggio per Là-Su </i><span style="font-style: normal;">e</span><i>
I mondi di là</i><span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;">Nei primi decenni del secolo <span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="color: black;">xxii</span></span>
gli Auditori vengono caratterizzati dal punto di vista neurologico e
genetico; per inquadrarli il BEM fonda nel 2187 la
<i>C</i><i>onfraternita</i><i> dei 2Corvi</i><sup><i>*</i></sup><sup><i>
</i></sup>incaricata di individuarli, educarli, risvegliare e
potenziare i loro talenti multiformi e, soprattutto, di controllare
il loro potere evitandone il cattivo uso. Da allora in
poi, i <span style="font-style: normal;">2Corvi</span><i> </i><span style="font-style: normal;">
</span><span style="font-style: normal;">sono u</span>tilizzati da
tutti gli enti pubblici e privati, per garantire ogni sorta di trattative, e
vengono arruolati negli equipaggi delle navi militari e cargo che percorrono
le rotte di Sol per collegare le colonie del Sistema. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;">Dopo
l’individuazione dei portali (2219), la fondazione delle colonie
esterne e la costruzione delle Grandi Navi, I 2Corvi saranno affiliati a
tutte Tribù che vanno al Nero, purché abbastanza ricche da potersi
permettere l’affitto esoso richiesto dalla Confraternita.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">*
<span style="font-style: normal;">La
Confraternita, costituita da membri Regolari e Speciali, decide di
marchiare gli Auditori sulle tempie per rivelare i loro talenti a
chiunque. In omaggio alla mitologia norrena i tatuaggi
rappresentano </span><span style="font-style: normal;">Huginn
</span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">e
</span></span><span style="font-style: normal;">Muninn,
</span><span style="font-style: normal;">i
due corvi di Odino. Per questa ragione gli Auditori vengono chiamati 2Corvi. Ma i
Regolari, che si servono dei Grandi Talenti ma ne diffidano, li
chiamano con disprezzo “sbircia”.</span></span> </span></span>
</div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-26831857484396809992019-08-29T08:27:00.003-07:002020-11-19T14:46:19.313-08:00Le storie dei Nuovi<h2 class="western">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ma
cosa scrivi?</b></span></span></span></h2>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Io
lavoro usando le parole, lo faccio da sempre. Prima studiavo usando
le parole, come tutti. Poi, però, per più di quarant'anni ho
insegnato - matematica e scienze - usando milioni di parole e nei
momenti migliori ho avuto la fortuna di riuscire a creare, insieme ai
miei studenti, una comunicazione a doppio canale, invece di una
semplice "lezione". Nel tempo libero, ho usato le parole
per divertimento: questo blog, abbandonato da tre anni, ne è una
testimonianza. </span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2160586893179548475" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Però
io scrivo anche storie. Non sempre, ma spesso, storie di
fantascienza. Che quasi inevitabilmente, hanno cominciato a comporre
uno scenario comune, anche per i motivi che spiegherò fra poche
righe. Come lettore non amo i cicli, temo la delusione del sequel e
le ripetizioni, quindi non sono partita con un progetto ampio e
delineato, ho semplicemente utilizzato alcuni espedienti già
collaudati e, talvolta, dato una seconda occasione a personaggi che,
in un racconto precedente, si erano rivelati più intensi del
previsto e ancora ricchi di potenziale. </span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ora
mi sembra il momento giusto per tirar le fila, o meglio, per
intrecciare i tanti fili che ho lasciato pendere qua e là e per
tappare qualche buco. Potrei farlo in privato, aprendo sul PC un
nuova cartella in cui infilare tutto il "paratesto" già
prodotto. Ne ho già quattro, però, zeppe di sottocartelle. È
una faccenda noiosa, le cose infilate là dentro spariscono in una
parvenza di ordine che maschera la pigrizia. </span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">La
scrittura dell'introduzione all'edizione cartacea di <i>Isola di
passaggio</i> (CS_Libri, 2019) mi ha dato un'idea: rendere le
informazioni basilari del mio scenario accessibili ai pochi che hanno
letto i racconti contenuti nel volume e ai molti che non li hanno
letti. Un modo diverso di ordinare le mie idee e un vincolo contro la
pigrizia. </span></span></span>
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisRLrOcseijfPatiPKgdGpaExKJz1sF6QbV_YAuepLMUY9LLXy36bFaAyAepuScPQqz8gw3K8AZwvt5SMbkLBtGHANFatCPj1uLA_zv_Zx1hpcY8NsH2xnhS4VIOwi22PWKsRzaWOJrag/s1600/isola+di+passaggio.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="677" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisRLrOcseijfPatiPKgdGpaExKJz1sF6QbV_YAuepLMUY9LLXy36bFaAyAepuScPQqz8gw3K8AZwvt5SMbkLBtGHANFatCPj1uLA_zv_Zx1hpcY8NsH2xnhS4VIOwi22PWKsRzaWOJrag/s640/isola+di+passaggio.jpg" width="450" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2160586893179548475" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 align="justify" class="western" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Introduzione
a Isola di passaggio </b></span></span></span>
</h3>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Le
storie della <i>Nuova Umanità</i>, (in breve dei <i>Nuovi</i>), non
sono parte di un ciclo, piuttosto di uno scenario comune esteso nel
tempo e nello spazio. Ho scritto alcuni racconti – e un paio di
romanzi non ancora terminati – in tempi molto lunghi e senza
seguire un ordine cronologico, con personaggi che talvolta ritornano
ma più spesso sono differenti e vivono a decenni, talvolta secoli,
di distanza. Alcuni vengono ricordati nel futuro come figure quasi
mitiche che hanno lasciato il loro nome a pratiche, luoghi,
tecnologie.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tuttavia,
come sa chi scrive e chi legge fantascienza, alcuni problemi di
grande peso (primo fra tutti quello del viaggio nello spazio) si
ripropongono nelle varie storie, quindi è più conveniente
risolverli, almeno per sommi capi, una volta per tutte. In
astrofisica non sono una perfezionista, mi basta non scrivere grosse
sciocchezze e potermi concentrare sui personaggi e su alcune
questioni biologiche e geologiche che, data la mia preparazione,
trovo più appassionanti. Quindi, chi cerca temi innovativi sui
viaggi nel tempo, i buchi neri e così via, posi pure questo volume. </span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Gli
altri, spero che si accontenteranno di velocità sub-luce all’interno dei sistemi solari e wormhole individuati<span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; padding: 0cm;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">dagli umani ma NON generati da loro.</span></span><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></span></span></div><div align="justify" style="line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">I miei umani del fu</span>turo per imboccarne uno devono raggiungere
una frazione significativa della velocità luce e chiamano, anzi
chiameranno, questa esperienza <i>andare al Nero</i>. </span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; font-size: large; padding: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: black;">Le
origini</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> di questo
scenario sono qui e ora, nel nostro presente economicamente
post-globalizzato e </span>socialmente intollerante, assediato dai
mutamenti climatici e dai conflitti. Un presente nel quale chi si spintona per
mangiare i piatti di uno chef stellato e chi si augura semplicemente
di riuscire a mangiare, vive in mondi paralleli e lontani, entrambi
lontanissimi dal mondo esclusivo dove poche decine di umani<span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; padding: 0cm;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">insieme possiedono p</span><i><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">iù
del 50% della ricchezza disponibile.</span></i></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Le
vicende dei <i>Nuovi</i> <span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">cominciano
a</span>ppena oltre il presente: i due primi racconti di questa
antologia sono ambientati poco prima del 2100, entro la Cintura degli
asteroidi, mentre l’ecosistema Terra collassa sempre più
velocemente. Il romanzo breve <i>Isola di Passaggio</i>, comincia
oltre il 2100, quando contemporaneamente all’esplorazione dei mondi
freddi al di là di Giove, una decina di astronavi vengono lanciate
in missione esplorativa verso i sistemi solari più vicini
utilizzando la propulsione sub-luce e l’effetto fionda. Sono gli
anni <span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">della </span><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Sciamatura</span></i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2160586893179548475" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Coordinate
spazio-temporali più precise non sono necessarie, i mondi della
<i>Nuova Umanità</i> fanno parte di un universo speculativo che mi
auguro non sia quello che attende i nostri figli e nipoti. Come tutti
i futuri della fantascienza, anche questo deve restare abbastanza
indefinito da consentire esplorazioni narrative collaterali. </span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Chi
gradisse maggiore precisione può consultare la mappa inserita alla
fine di queste poche pagine. </span></span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Torniamo
alla fine del </span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">xxi</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">
secolo; il processo di colonizzazione, al quale collaborano numerosi
Paesi, è diretto dal BEM (Bureau of External Mankind), un'emanazione
delle Nuove Nazioni Unite (ONNU) incaricata di garantire la
salvaguardia dei coloni, difendere i loro diritti ed evitarne lo
sfruttamento. Disponendo di pochi mezzi economici, il BEM appalta i
suoi compiti a enti privati che fanno capo a Multinazionali.</span></span>
</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Accantonati
i troppo costosi e troppo lunghi progetti di terraformazione del
Pianeta Rosso, la prima Cupola Marziana, nata con scopi scientifici,
diviene prevedibilmente un piccolo mondo autosufficiente base
permanente per lo sfruttamento del pianeta e degli asteroidi
maggiori. A seguire l’individuazione e lo scavo di alcuni piccoli
asteroidi anomali ricchissimi di metalli rari, che vengono
ricollocati, cioè messi in grado di ospitare temporaneamente i
coloni. Questi piccoli mondi temporanei, su decisione dell’ONNU,
vengono battezzati con il cognome di un Premio Nobel per la Pace:
rispettivamente Desmond Tutu, Rigoberta Menchù-Tum e Shrin Ebadi.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-gJjQLRQRrABKxehUzQsPP1-yckz-seWp-d9SWpE-gVoe2mSULSnuce64-zHt5ITDYHqgTZGP79vJptKust8seLdKdX2b4WapxZbvCnGoSN97itYCn1PdWMdfxtxFVB7kUfufdYbDCY/s1600/asteroid-4143733__340.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="385" height="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-gJjQLRQRrABKxehUzQsPP1-yckz-seWp-d9SWpE-gVoe2mSULSnuce64-zHt5ITDYHqgTZGP79vJptKust8seLdKdX2b4WapxZbvCnGoSN97itYCn1PdWMdfxtxFVB7kUfufdYbDCY/s640/asteroid-4143733__340.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I
Nuovi sono i migranti del <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">xxii
</span><span style="font-variant: normal;">secolo,</span> un gruppo
molto variegato, diviso in due grandi categorie: i Semplici (altrove
li chiamerò Regolari) e i Talenti. I primi sono persone in cerca di
nuove occasioni e scopi, gli altri sono un'umanità diversa. </span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I
Piccoli Talenti sono individui abbastanza simili a noi ma con una
marcia in più: <i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">empatici</span></i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">preziosi
in mondi coloniali affollati e pieni di tensioni, </span></span></span><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">rapidi
</span></i><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">dotati
di tempi di reazione più brevi dei regolari e capaci</span></span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">di
prevedere lo sviluppo nel tempo e nello spazio di più azioni
contemporanee,</span></span></span><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
</span><i><span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">pastori</span></i>
<span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;">orientati
a salvaguardare il benessere di un gruppo di persone, </span></span><i>lemuri</i><span style="font-variant: normal;">
</span><span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;">in
grado di vivere </span></span>senza difficoltà in ambienti a gravità
ridotta, <span style="font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;">claustrofobici
e poco illuminati evitando decalcificazione ossea e depressione</span></span><span style="font-variant: normal;">…</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Accanto
ai Piccoli Talenti dall’aspetto e dal comportamento «regolare»,
migra nelle colonie spaziali un piccolo numero di individui dal
profilo genetico fortemente alterato: i Grandi Talenti, comunemente
definiti gli Strani, spesso portatori di handicap psicofisici,
inadatti a vivere su Terra ma forniti di caratteristiche che,
opportunamente stabilizzate da interventi chirurgici, li rendono
particolarmente adatti al lavoro nei siti minerari, come le <i>mummie,</i>
ipovedenti autistici con olfatto e tatto ipersviluppati, <i>rochi</i>,
dall’udito che si estende molto oltre <span style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">le
capacità umane</span> e <i>oscuri</i>, varianti rarissime dai
talenti misteriosi che trascorrono il loro tempo, a bassa temperature
e al buio, interfacciati ai server quantistici di nuova generazione.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">L’origine
degli Strani – ufficialmente attribuita ad alterazioni genetiche
prodotte dall’accumulo di scorie radioattive e di rifiuti tossici
nelle zone più povere di Terra, tra la fine del <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">xx</span>
e la metà del <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">xxi</span>
secolo – è oggetto di polemiche e resistenze da parte della Lega
dei Semplici, intimorita dalla possibile deriva sociale e genetica
dei Nuovi ed eticamente contraria allo sfruttamento degli Strani. Non
mancano gruppi più radicali, convinti che il BEM abbia creato gli
Strani in laboratorio per farne schiavi genetici privi di tutela.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I
talenti degli Strani li rendono nettamente distinguibili dai Regolari
e, non di rado, soggetti a disturbi psicofisici che complicano il
loro inserimento nella società terrestre. Per evitare la loro
discriminazione, il BEM ne favorisce l’immigrazione nelle colonie
dove potranno mettere a frutto le loro preziose peculiarità a
beneficio di tutti. Un modo raffinato e definitivo per aiutare i
Grandi Talenti «a casa loro».</span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 0.6cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 0.3cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I
difficili rapporti con la madrepatria e con le Consociate cui sono
appaltati servizi e attività minerarie rendono necessaria la
continua rinegoziazione delle condizioni di ingaggio: i diritti
umani, a maggior ragione quelli dei Nuovi Umani, non sono mai
conquistati una volta per tutte, vivere <i>là fuori</i> richiede una
buona dose di immaginazione per risolvere situazioni nuove e
impreviste e per imparare a essere diversamente umani.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
s_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05628467686210836824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-46839680342426720562016-11-17T11:09:00.000-08:002016-11-17T11:09:50.494-08:00I nostri buoni compagni di stanza<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Chi non si augurerebbe un buon compagno di stanza in un college o in ostello? O anche un vicino di appartamento, considerando che spesso gli stabili moderni – ma non troppo, altrimenti sarebbero insonorizzati – delle nostre città hanno pareti sottili?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Tutti vorrebbero dividere la stanza con un tesoro, però oggi non parleremo di vicini umani ma di BEM: Bug Eyes Monsters, ovvero (piccoli) Mostri dagli Occhi di Insetto. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In uno studio condotto su 50 case di Raleigh (capitale del North Carolina) </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">e pubblicato quest'anno, </span>un gruppo di entomologi ha individuato nei muri ben 600 specie di invertebrati, un centinaio almeno per casa, suddivisi in 304 famiglie.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHXJUZ75z35o8ir6OkLJu72_iahQ3vAvv7nShK29QcktcZTwtNL4BjgqKtEpaEqfLnK-uLcjqlcvLZUiN6HaLHSh0ajsUe7r8iMDoy9uortF14rIT5NVzgYwGf3OrG9PFq-3aX4E1G5g/s1600/invertebrati+nelle+case+di+releigh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHXJUZ75z35o8ir6OkLJu72_iahQ3vAvv7nShK29QcktcZTwtNL4BjgqKtEpaEqfLnK-uLcjqlcvLZUiN6HaLHSh0ajsUe7r8iMDoy9uortF14rIT5NVzgYwGf3OrG9PFq-3aX4E1G5g/s640/invertebrati+nelle+case+di+releigh.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.lescienze.it/news/2016/01/22/news/i_muri_hanno_occhi_composti-2937829/">I parassiti delle nostre abitazioni</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Come vedete in casa c'è di tutto.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Nelle 554 camere passate al setaccio (con aspiratori, reticelle e pinzette), accanto agli ospiti più ovvi (e per molti umani raccapriccianti) come le blatte, le pulci, i ragni, le mosche, le formiche, gli studiosi hanno rinvenuto quelli che hanno ribattezzato <i>turisti sfortunati</i>: due piccoli crostacei intrappolati a decine di chilometri dal mare, insetti che si cibano di vegetali e destinati a morire in un ambiente privo di nutrienti adeguati, grilli mirmecofili, ovvero mangiatori di formiche, che potrebbero prosperare soltanto in un'abitazione già infestata dalle formiche medesime e così via. All'opposto, i numerosi parassiti rinvenuti, come la cimice dei letti, le pulci e gli scarafaggi, stavano in queste case come al Grand Hotel. E se amate i tappeti, come me, sappiate che sono il rifugio ideale dei </span><span style="font-size: large;">coleotteri dei tappeti, cosucce grandi quanto la testa di una puntina da disegno: da adulti si cibano poeticamente di polline, ma da larve si nutrono di qualunque residuo
animale: lana, seta, pellicce, piume, insetti morti… possono fare bei danni ad abiti e arredamento. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw9NCpKZs9b-EexA_yNagQUq0kR1Hzcyx8UZ7M0bYZJqc3mwEt1oBN1G79YXxFKmCta39uVoaaEHwq9Jo7j_CVdt0S146jgbbRrnYuWbHjlgFagCOtQ2PJLPjc9B9J7JVBkZX2pzotc_Q/s1600/Anthrenus-257x300.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw9NCpKZs9b-EexA_yNagQUq0kR1Hzcyx8UZ7M0bYZJqc3mwEt1oBN1G79YXxFKmCta39uVoaaEHwq9Jo7j_CVdt0S146jgbbRrnYuWbHjlgFagCOtQ2PJLPjc9B9J7JVBkZX2pzotc_Q/s320/Anthrenus-257x300.jpg" width="273" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coleottero dei tappeti</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Se state pensando che i padroni di casa umani delle case studiate fossero gente molto distratta o poco addentro ai misteri delle grandi pulizie vi sbagliate, o meglio, vi illudete: che facessero uso di insetticidi o meno i BEM restavano. E basta.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">La maggior parte di queste creaturine, però, sono risultate benevole e riservate come i pidocchi dei libri, il ramo buono del gruppo – quello malevolo è composto dai pidocchi dei capelli e da quelli del pube – con i quali condividiamo una passione per così dire letteraria. </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> Guardateli, non sono graziosi con i loro occhioni? </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid6OqUu-C-wGqsUpXY9Gweu7NnVreQz1AtSXtPFxPFDD5AjIejwrdaB87a1Va5CLz-hnaolCpxpATuQTFJ3kVN__G5Q6CzN1HBf3Jqxgb6XFdEZF6UotztDrbT-xHY9OoUKHtkLuhDE1c/s1600/disinfestazione-psocotteri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid6OqUu-C-wGqsUpXY9Gweu7NnVreQz1AtSXtPFxPFDD5AjIejwrdaB87a1Va5CLz-hnaolCpxpATuQTFJ3kVN__G5Q6CzN1HBf3Jqxgb6XFdEZF6UotztDrbT-xHY9OoUKHtkLuhDE1c/s320/disinfestazione-psocotteri.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span>Sì, lo so, loro i libri se li mangiano, ma ognuno ha il proprio modo di gustarli.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Poi ci sono gli onischi, piccoli crostacei che – come ricorda il nome scientifico, Armadillidium vulgare – somigliano a dei gomitolini corazzati: sono innocui, negli Stati Uniti vengono considerati quasi dei portafortuna.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB516ju42AitmiTkAJQjuF0o7l397YuqTMhZn1l9ZzvJK8wrWiL2tmLyEVhw7pjz3bljGbPJOZWk7dOjy07gr8EZCbg_jtE-1wKCCiPvCAFpXXrTPD7nNV6sQoNbbssI2oZ26a6OpDlqA/s1600/onisco.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB516ju42AitmiTkAJQjuF0o7l397YuqTMhZn1l9ZzvJK8wrWiL2tmLyEVhw7pjz3bljGbPJOZWk7dOjy07gr8EZCbg_jtE-1wKCCiPvCAFpXXrTPD7nNV6sQoNbbssI2oZ26a6OpDlqA/s320/onisco.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxITEhUSEhIWFRUWFRYVFhcXFRUVFRU"><span style="font-size: small;">Onisco ripiegato in difesa</span></a> </td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">E non pensate così male di questi nostri vicini silenziosi, accanto a quelli che campano del nostro sangue, scatenano allergie, ci trasmettono malattie e ci mangiano la casa, ce ne sono di decisamente più positivi: come i batteri buoni del nostro organismo possono inibire la crescita di batteri dannosi, pare che </span><span style="font-size: large;">una comunità di invertebrati possa inibire infestazioni parassitarie peggiori. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Sì, lo so, questo articolo non c'entra nulla con la serie sul cambiamento climatico, ma è interessante. E mi ha fatto tornare in mente un piccolo ragno che qualche estate fa si era installato </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">nel nostro appartamento in montagna,</span> in un angolo del soffitto; l'abbiamo ritrovato in autunno inoltrato, la casa chiusa da molte settimane, i muri freddi e, ovviamente, nemmeno un moscerino all'orizzonte. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2O7rF-DXoqIUskKwL2z7Mix5kMKvxb1_qNXvTaLsWPk298AkuDQ_urSylOaXlTZJyBrh4aIV73z7ZxN3W6mIHz4JZXjHShDT9u7gXx69MDI5Kr7PD2QwkuIRP83eq4-uTXsnN2bUuLFg/s1600/opilione.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2O7rF-DXoqIUskKwL2z7Mix5kMKvxb1_qNXvTaLsWPk298AkuDQ_urSylOaXlTZJyBrh4aIV73z7ZxN3W6mIHz4JZXjHShDT9u7gXx69MDI5Kr7PD2QwkuIRP83eq4-uTXsnN2bUuLFg/s400/opilione.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjNn9q0vrDQAhWDOBoKHarPCHAQjhwIBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panoramio.com%2Fphoto%2F58448880&psig=AFQjCNEHiAtIiBeWHuJhDHI6Zezc9qHz4A&ust=1479496033532661">Opilione</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Se ne stava lì tutto solo, sulle sue zampe lunghe, un po' fallimentare anche come aracnide: cugino mite dei classici ragni, ma privo di filiere per la tela e di ghiandole velenifere… Buttarlo gentilmente fuori al freddo? Lasciarlo lì a morire di fame? L'abbiamo recuperato con un bicchiere e un foglio di carta e lo abbiamo piazzato sulle foglie del geranio del vicino, che svernava tranquillo sul davanzale della finestra delle scale.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Non so che fine abbia fatto, ma mio marito ed io gli abbiamo augurato sinceramente buona fortuna.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.lucianabartolini.net/pagina_ragni_opilionidi.htm">Qui </a>per altre notizie sugli Opilionidi </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.lescienze.it/news/2016/01/22/news/i_muri_hanno_occhi_composti-2937829/">Qui </a>l'articolo su Le Scienze.it </span></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-55620455257860041172016-10-31T14:04:00.000-07:002016-10-31T14:04:06.532-07:00Siamo alla fine dell'inverno?<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLlxWZM6W84O2YmJQswNNUs62Ao9f6HBk5yo503h3ou_hVRWfVwWD8sXxjBh6oVJWRfgnqVy6a4SBbGzp1tCO3cs7sImP4gpPpeXaz78ozm_yv9MizJl0-u2LCn9H6_gBHEo57m_Nqh78/s1600/kaamos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLlxWZM6W84O2YmJQswNNUs62Ao9f6HBk5yo503h3ou_hVRWfVwWD8sXxjBh6oVJWRfgnqVy6a4SBbGzp1tCO3cs7sImP4gpPpeXaz78ozm_yv9MizJl0-u2LCn9H6_gBHEo57m_Nqh78/s400/kaamos.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.vivereinviaggio.com/kaamos-lo-spettacolo-del-lungo-inverno-artico/">Kaamos: la lunga notte artica secondo i finlandesi</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">Le
emissioni umane di gas serra stanno trascinando<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> la Terra </span>verso il caldo. E l'Artico è la regione che si scalda più
rapidamente. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">Secondo la Nasa, quello del 2016 è stato il gennaio più
caldo di tutti i 136 anni documentati riguardo al clima globale del pianeta. Non solo la sua temperatura media è oltre un grado sopra la linea basale del 20° secolo ma, a causa di un
El Nino fuori misura, la zona che più ha risentito di questo aumento è
stata proprio l'Artico. Ed è lì, sulla Siberia, sul Canada
Settentrionale, sul nord della Groenlandia e in tutta l'area
dell'Oceano Artico situata oltre il 70° parallelo Nord che le
temperature sono state in media fra i 4 e i 13 °C al di sopra della
norma, per tutto il mese. Mano a mano che si va a Nord le notizie peggiorano:
oltre l'80° parallello nord, le medie delle temperature
dell'intera regione hanno raggiunto i 7,4°C oltre la norma;<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> questa, in un anno normale sarebbe </span> la
medesima escursione termica riscontrabile <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">t</span>ra gennaio e aprile<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">In sostanza gennaio ha mantenuto una temperatura media da
primavera artica.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qECrJelHo1Ebfk6YfZuhyg8-WrGAGlTjfnYnsWW4H4nyjLDumUNOoCHvzv1ceOVYaCuzJRNqz4IsWueKuC_V8tgwrGzPKLnPCVIhI0AX1z9l5jHn8ue9Cj3QOT4hMy0D46D7Rqjvr2M/s1600/432273__arctic-spring_p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qECrJelHo1Ebfk6YfZuhyg8-WrGAGlTjfnYnsWW4H4nyjLDumUNOoCHvzv1ceOVYaCuzJRNqz4IsWueKuC_V8tgwrGzPKLnPCVIhI0AX1z9l5jHn8ue9Cj3QOT4hMy0D46D7Rqjvr2M/s320/432273__arctic-spring_p.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://it.forwallpaper.com/wallpaper/arctic-spring-432273.html"><span style="font-size: small;">Primavera artica</span></a></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">Ma dove sta il problema?</span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">Il calore porta alla fusione più rapida dei
ghiacciai e all'aumento del livello del mare di vari centimetri. Ma
il guaio non si ferma lì: man mano che il ghiaccio – di color
bianco e riflettente la luce – si ritira, scopre super<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ficie di colore blu </span>sull'oceano e verde-marrone sulla terraferma che
riflettono molto meno e assorbono calore. Il termine scientifico che indica il valore della frazione di luce riflessa da <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">una qualunque superfic<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ie è <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><i>a</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><i>lbedo: </i>essa è massima (<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">= 1</span>) quando tutta la luce viene riflessa, minima (= 0<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">) quando la luce viene tutta assorbita.L'albedo del ghiaccio è molto alta, (circa 0,9) quella della terra<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> o della roccia è molto bassa (<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">< 0,1)</span>, quella dell'acqua anche di più (= 0,07) perché gran parte dell<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">'energia luminosa viene assorbita. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOc470CGAhoEvhzWGPE10yinusHV3k1VsI2Iq2RSL7yreUZIaEjBN7Rj7GUpRZ5CRNghZ-dp2Jh7doRys4vsqXjZ24WPYvXcrcqaNdfytGVw6wNiOJ1f3WgtA1W2KKz0dRIucWRpCsQ4I/s1600/permafrost.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOc470CGAhoEvhzWGPE10yinusHV3k1VsI2Iq2RSL7yreUZIaEjBN7Rj7GUpRZ5CRNghZ-dp2Jh7doRys4vsqXjZ24WPYvXcrcqaNdfytGVw6wNiOJ1f3WgtA1W2KKz0dRIucWRpCsQ4I/s320/permafrost.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Permafrost</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">Il calor<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">e assorbito <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">a causa della bassa albedo </span></span>porta
all'ulteriore scongelamento delle zone circostanti, nonché alla fusione del permafrost, il terreno congelato del<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">l'estremo <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">N</span>ord, dove il suolo è perennemente ghiacciato (anche se in certe aree<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> lo strato più superficiale si sci<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">oglie in parte d'estate e si ricongela d'inverno). <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Lo spessore dello strato di permafrost varia da zona a zona e può raggiungere, in Siberia, anche<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> 1,5 km, mentre in Alaska e in <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Canada è di varie centinaia di metri. Al di sotto del <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">permafrost, che funge da strato impermeabile, possono trovarsi vasti giacimenti <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">di metano che<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">verrebbero liberati nell'atmosfera se </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>il permafrost si sciogliesse <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">…</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Il metano è un gas serra.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">E questo si<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> chiama circolo vizioso. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Tra le prime vittime dello sci<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">oglimento dei ghiac<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ci e del </span>permafrost ci sono i Sami, che vivono in una vasta area tra Russia e Scandinavia<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">; Sono </span>100.000 in tutto<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> – <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">meno di un milion<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">e se uniti alle altre etnie indigene dell'Artico – su una popolazione globale di 13 milioni.</span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Il popolo Sami <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">vive soprattutto di pastorizia: le renne pascolano su un'a<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">rea enorme<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">me<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">nte vasta e i cambiamenti climatici cambiano velocemente i loro territori. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFMcfSSrOBgnUgsqWHHuFgtglJMB3P6Aw_QekFx3E2YXBHGpPx0L9YB0cw40dmdEyfGkn3-YV5kOb4ONaaHwUjAkgajVpCq8QKzrRz1dkvBU5J7KLc3Q0fvSEHVqzVd8SLqfaiqku9UrU/s1600/renne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFMcfSSrOBgnUgsqWHHuFgtglJMB3P6Aw_QekFx3E2YXBHGpPx0L9YB0cw40dmdEyfGkn3-YV5kOb4ONaaHwUjAkgajVpCq8QKzrRz1dkvBU5J7KLc3Q0fvSEHVqzVd8SLqfaiqku9UrU/s400/renne.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody">"La neve arriva dopo, gli inverni sono più
miti, la primavera arriva prima. Aumentano le piogge e diminuiscono le
nevicate. La tundra si restringe<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> […] </span>Se l'autunno è troppo umido e poi le temperature crollano
improvvisamente, si forma uno strato di ghiaccio sotto la neve che
impedisce alle renne di raggiugere i licheni con cui nutrirsi. La neve
secca va bene, quella umida può essere un disastro" <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">(</span>1)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody">d<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ichiarazione di </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody"> Bruce Forbes, ecologo </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span itemprop="articleBody">Università della Lapponia di Rovaniemi (Finlandia) </span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Avendo ormai la maggior parte
dei mesi del 2016 alle spalle possiamo constatare che tutti i
mesi, da gennaio a giugno sono stati rispettivamente i più caldi mai
registrati, come segnalato dal </span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><i>Goddard Institute for Space Studies</i>
(GISS) della </span></span> NASA. Siamo 1,3 °C oltre la
temperatura rilevata a fine Ottocento, con picchi molto al disopra di
questa media in varie parti del mondo. La calotta ghiacciata del Mar
Glaciale Artico ha fatto registrare record di minore estensione in
tutta la prima parte dell'anno e, in media nella stagione calda la
calotta è 40% meno estesa rispetto alle misurazion<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">i</span> datate fra la fine
degli anni Settanta e i primi anni Novanta. </span></span>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Il GISS sta inviando ricercatori a monitorare i cambiamenti da vicino:
il progetto <i>Operation IceBridge</i>, ad esempio, misurer<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">à</span> le pozze
d'acqua causate dalla fusione del ghiaccio </span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">sulla calotta artica</span></span>. Come abbiamo visto, la
superficie più scura delle pozze<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">, avendo un'albedo molto bassa, </span>contribuisce ad
accelerare la fusione della calotta.</span></span>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Un’altra
campagna promossa dai ricercatori della Nasa chiamata <i>Arctic-Boreal
Vulnerability Experiment </i>studierà come foreste, permafrost
e altri ecosistemi stiano rispondendo all’aumento delle temperature
nell’Artico.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> 1<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">.<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span><a href="http://inchieste.repubblica.it/it/repubblica/rep-it/2016/10/17/news/la_resistenza_sami_alla_prova_del_clima-148315304/#pronti">Le ultime sentinelle dell'Artico</a>, di Jacopo Pasotti in Inchieste di Repubbli<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ca.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Per
approfondire: </span></span>
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<a href="http://ugobardi.blogspot.it/2016/02/niente-inverno-nellartico-nel-2016-la.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">QUI <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">1</span> </span></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><a href="http://www.ilpost.it/2016/07/20/prima-meta-2016-piu-calda/">QUI 2</a> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;">
</span><a href="http://www.galileonet.it/2016/07/continuano-i-record-del-riscaldamento-globale/"><span style="color: #3333ff;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">QUI 3</span></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Per saperne di più sul popolo SAMI vi rimando al mio post <a href="http://delirioedubbio.blogspot.it/2014/07/vita-da-sami.html"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Vita da Sami</span></a></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">e a<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span><a href="http://librinuovi.net/?s=olivier+truc"><i>L'ultimo lappone</i></a>, romanzo di Oliv<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ier T<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ruc, che ho recensito su LN<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">-Librinuovi.net</span> </span></span> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br /><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">
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S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-61712076218356344292016-10-18T11:03:00.002-07:002020-11-20T07:07:25.547-08:00Il futuro dei nostri guai<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Prima di tutto voglio pagare un debito: questa serie di post è stata ispirata da un ottimo libro di divulgazione scientifica: <i>Il libro dell'acqua</i>, di Alok Jha. All'inizio pensavo di cavarmela con una recensione complessiva ma i dati forniti nei primi capitoli sono talmente inquietanti da spingermi a documentarmi ulteriormente e a informarvi delle mie ricerche. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfmWUlvQxDAzEzuAFyEFlUR86VKrH-AZ7m0ap9tvNGDZtK92BLKxFyzVlaOzAWAH9QUcz02UFD0UFig03BPaDF0HvC4J6WV39fdaMHmtAQ4o2blKdTpM5YYAnklWjwaBqCJuIsFPYpNo/s1600/libro+acqua.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwfmWUlvQxDAzEzuAFyEFlUR86VKrH-AZ7m0ap9tvNGDZtK92BLKxFyzVlaOzAWAH9QUcz02UFD0UFig03BPaDF0HvC4J6WV39fdaMHmtAQ4o2blKdTpM5YYAnklWjwaBqCJuIsFPYpNo/s320/libro+acqua.jpg" width="215" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ovviamente sul singolo aspetto – aumento della temperatura media superficiale dei mari, acidificazione delle acque, scioglimento dei ghiacci polari ecc. – in rete e in letteratura si trovano tantissimi interventi, ma Jha ha il grande merito di giustapporli e condensarli chiaramente in poche decine di pagine. E la lettura preoccupa. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ero quindi risoluta a raccontare le conseguenze dei guai precedenti su attività umane come la pesca, quando casualmente mi è caduto l'occhio su un paio di dichiarazioni sul riscaldamento globale di un esperto qualificato: Mr Trump. Sì, proprio lui, <i>Il Donald</i>, l'uomo che non si lascia mai scappare un'occasione per fare dichiarazioni imbarazzanti. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Non ho saputo resistere alla possibilità di dargli torto, ma la mia coscienza ecologica si sente malissimo, perché adesso <i>so</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">L'innalzamento dei mari</span></b> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Se ne parla tanto, tutti abbiamo letto o sentito le fosche previsioni, persino il Donald, che <a href="http://www.wired.it/attualita/ambiente/2016/09/27/bufala-trump-cambiamento-climatico/">in un tweet del 2012</a> ne aveva dato la colpa ai cinesi: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i>“Il concetto di riscaldamento globale è stato creato da e per i
cinesi, allo scopo di rendere la produzione degli Stati Uniti non
competitiva” </i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Il </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/statuses/418542137899491328" target="_blank">2 Gennaio 2014</a> </span>comunque fornì una spiegazione alternativa del fenomeno: </span></div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en">
<i><span style="font-size: large;">This very expensive
GLOBAL WARMING bullshit has got to stop. Our planet is freezing, record
low temps, and our GW scientists are stuck in ice. </span></i><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump)</i></span></blockquote>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs7ZDekXwNSClixvLsWZqPzY86_HbFq25gtt2SVy21oUJP81CJsX-JmfiDk-sEtC3KFu5eXQj5M5wQrY9XWFNmUd0uzBwQ2Hvu6zo6TECdPZ9cuVEBtdU1kM9JsT3bXrlqtEsn6JsbTaY/s1600/trump.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs7ZDekXwNSClixvLsWZqPzY86_HbFq25gtt2SVy21oUJP81CJsX-JmfiDk-sEtC3KFu5eXQj5M5wQrY9XWFNmUd0uzBwQ2Hvu6zo6TECdPZ9cuVEBtdU1kM9JsT3bXrlqtEsn6JsbTaY/s1600/trump.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Insomma, perché preoccuparci? Il riscaldamento globale è una costosa palla: il pianeta si sta raffreddando e tra poco i ricercatori che la sostengono saranno congelati come i bastoncini di pesce. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Se però voi, come me, vi ostinate a non prendere sul serio queste perle di saggezza sarete probabilmente disposti a riflettere sui dati che seguono.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Negli ultimi cento anni,
il tasso d'innalzamento del livello degli oceani è stato il più
veloce dei 27 secoli precedenti. Lo evidenziano due diversi studi
pubblicati su PNAS, Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, e riassunti sul sito <a href="http://www.lescienze.it/news/2016/02/23/news/passato_presente_futuro_innalzamento_mari-2982865/">Le scienze.it</a>
in un articolo del 26 febbraio 2016. <br />Il primo studio, frutto di
una collaborazione internazionale, presenta una ricostruzione delle
variazioni del livello globale dei mari negli ultimi 3000 anni.
Nell'era preindustriale il livello globale oscillava di <u>+</u> 8
cm circa, con un calo sensibile tra i secoli
XI e XV, a causa di una diminuzione della temperatura media globale
di 0,2 °C. Nel corso del XX secolo, invece, l'innalzamento è stato più
rapido che nei precedenti 27 secoli, con una variazione di <span style="color: red;">+ 14 cm</span>;
simulazioni attendibili indicano che senza l'effetto serra antropico
la variazione di livello dei mari sarebbe stata compresa tra <span style="color: blue;">– 3 cm
e +7 cm</span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Il secondo studio
combina per la prima volta simulazioni al computer e registrazioni
storiche per dedurre una relazione statistica tra aumento della
temperatura e incremento del livello dei mari, ottenendo così una
stima molto affidabile delle conseguenze del riscaldamento
climatico.<br />I possibili scenari ottenuti, codificati anche nel
quinto rapporto dell'IPCC delle Nazioni Unite (di cui abbiamo già
parlato nei post precedenti), corrispondono a diverse proiezioni
dell'incremento della temperatura media globale tra il 2081 e il 2100
rispetto alla media delle temperature globali tra il 1986 e il 2005</span></div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <br /></span><p style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
</p>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 643px;">
<colgroup><col width="271"></col>
<col width="141"></col>
<col width="205"></col>
</colgroup><tbody><tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: 1px solid #808080; padding: 0.11cm;" width="271"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Scenari possibili</u> </span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: 1px solid #808080; padding: 0.11cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Incremento medio di T°</u></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: 1px solid #808080; padding: 0.11cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u>Intervallo di
innalzamento dei mari nel 2100</u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="271"><p align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">1° scenario </span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">+ 1 °C</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">28 cm – 56 cm.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="271"><p align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">2° scenario </span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">+ 1,8 °C</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">37 cm – 77 cm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="271"><p align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">3° scenario</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">+ 3,7 °C</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">57 cm – 131 cm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="271"><p align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Previsioni V rapporto IPCC </span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<br />
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">52 cm – 98 cm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="271"><p align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Previsioni IPCC</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">in
caso di </span></span><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">drastica
riduzione di emissioni di gas serra dovute ad attività
umane</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="141"><p align="center">
<br />
</p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #808080; border-left: 1px solid #808080; border-right: 1px solid #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.11cm; padding-left: 0.11cm; padding-right: 0.11cm; padding-top: 0cm;" width="205"><p align="center">
<span style="font-size: large;">28 cm – 61 cm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</p>
</div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Secondo </span><span style="font-size: large;">l'<a href="http://www.ansa.it/canale_ambiente/notizie/clima/2016/02/23/aumento-livello-mari-di-13-metri-entro-il-2100_ecda1889-3edd-4145-a335-e5d3ed7022bd.html">ANSA</a>
i dati sarebbero confermati anche dall'analisi di campioni di
ghiaccio prelevati in Antartide.
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
</div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Insomma, le cose si
mettono proprio male.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5q_o5C-5PYPdGXj0czgO3Sf3co3n65ElfhiC5tHfIbuHa08QLM393DjTloBM0h6aydpwNBQhum4k7ofpXxEcble2hkW0HADN-4EzamJyPf6sUut-_DhQt5FvgS-i_oQ-UZzfasgH9RUk/s1600/innalzamento+dei+mari.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5q_o5C-5PYPdGXj0czgO3Sf3co3n65ElfhiC5tHfIbuHa08QLM393DjTloBM0h6aydpwNBQhum4k7ofpXxEcble2hkW0HADN-4EzamJyPf6sUut-_DhQt5FvgS-i_oQ-UZzfasgH9RUk/s400/innalzamento+dei+mari.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">In un articolo del 27 agosto 2015 l'<a href="http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/canali/energiaeambiente/natura/2015/08/27/clima-il-mare-si-e-innalzato-di-8-cm-negli-ultimi-23-anni_7078386b-47db-4053-8c7b-5da6c5563775.html">ANSA</a> riporta dati satellitari ottenuti dai ricercatori Nasa sul possibile innalzamento dei mari. Il direttore della Divisione di Scienze Naturali della Nasa ha ricordato che sono a richio le case di 150 milioni di abitanti delle aree
costiere<i> basse</i>, a non più di un metro sopra il livello del mare; si tratta soprattutto di aree asiatiche: Paesi
poveri come il Bangladesh, ma anche città moderne come Tokyo e Singapore, che
potrebbero essere interamente sommerse. Anche la Florida è a rischio: le strade di Miami sono già
periodicamente allagate per le alte maree.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFAnSJ6U4EJCAbdeWMBVd8BPRnoHmj-7OzLk5l2VeERlNSqo3wwN9Z__AVaE6BwYJeRSQOJljKBv4BesGLNbjXzEqRCBShr9avyiuOdJxTYNOiZrwZ_2NbQJTxdGxYjLc4v0MVYxC2nc/s1600/183591.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFAnSJ6U4EJCAbdeWMBVd8BPRnoHmj-7OzLk5l2VeERlNSqo3wwN9Z__AVaE6BwYJeRSQOJljKBv4BesGLNbjXzEqRCBShr9avyiuOdJxTYNOiZrwZ_2NbQJTxdGxYjLc4v0MVYxC2nc/s640/183591.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Surfisti lungo le strade allagate della Florida, vicino a Tampa, 2 settembre 2016 (fonte: Corriere della Sera) </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.corriere.it/foto-gallery/cronache/15_agosto_07/mappa-dell-italia-2100-6ae95b5c-3d39-11e5-a2f1-a2464143b143.shtml">Qui</a> per avere un'idea dell'entità del guaio italiano. I dati si riferiscono al 2100. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Negli ultimi 10 anni, stando ai satelliti della Nasa, l'Antartide ha perso in media
118 miliardi di tonnellate di ghiaccio all'anno; la calotta della
Groenlandia ne ha persi addirittura 303 miliardi di tonnellate. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUgeHZeTG5sk_-6FQgQ_W-JMGyJY__DZhV9QItgzCGiXxdXWRZxqILudSH9zbIpsYyMfgLKxOzNLXxn28sno8Yu3T9MBl2sfG4wfkx5yhhP9PVwU5Ma8mH0RgxJlTsbVVtlVk9jqSKaEA/s1600/febbraio-nuovo-record-negativo-nell-estensione-dei-ghiacci-artici-3bmeteo-70896.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUgeHZeTG5sk_-6FQgQ_W-JMGyJY__DZhV9QItgzCGiXxdXWRZxqILudSH9zbIpsYyMfgLKxOzNLXxn28sno8Yu3T9MBl2sfG4wfkx5yhhP9PVwU5Ma8mH0RgxJlTsbVVtlVk9jqSKaEA/s1600/febbraio-nuovo-record-negativo-nell-estensione-dei-ghiacci-artici-3bmeteo-70896.jpg" /></a></div>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-8913122827787777862016-09-18T11:51:00.002-07:002016-09-18T11:51:15.924-07:00Un guaio rapidissimo<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Terza </b><b>puntata</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Nella lunga
storia del pianeta Terra il clima è cambiato molte volte e questi
cambiamenti hanno influenzato la <i>circolazione termoialina</i> che, ad esempio, circa 12 milioni di anni fa – nel corso
dell'ultima grande glaciazione – ha funzionato a forza ridotta e
forse si è completamente bloccata.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Prima ancora, 55 milioni di anni fa, il percorso del "nastro trasportatore" si invertì addirittura e la corrente calda superficiale scorreva da nord a sud. </span><span style="font-size: large;">Questo cambiamento apportò acqua più calda nelle profondità degli oceani, favorendo un ulteriore incremento termico. Secondo gli oceanografi, una delle cause scatenanti fu un aumento della temperatura delle acque marine superficiali; in quel periodo, infatti, si verificò un cosiddetto massimo termico e la temperatura media degli oceani salì di circa 7,5° C rispetto alla media odierna. </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYod3-OFI92LpOITn60K5dusyKR-zl0npaSN_pDhmBEAC8m6-w1dfGNINQ9G-aJeFRpHOGTZXo5CPSMhXUk6tGcAuBo2BOJyxRyyPOmdLi00TadFwQMTTyMD4FPOi-S_4j5J9hMdm7bg/s1600/petm1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYod3-OFI92LpOITn60K5dusyKR-zl0npaSN_pDhmBEAC8m6-w1dfGNINQ9G-aJeFRpHOGTZXo5CPSMhXUk6tGcAuBo2BOJyxRyyPOmdLi00TadFwQMTTyMD4FPOi-S_4j5J9hMdm7bg/s1600/petm1.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wikiwand.com/it/Massimo_termico_del_Paleocene-Eocene">Picco termico 55 milioni di anni fa (oceano artico)</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">L'intero processo avrebbe potuto svolgersi così:</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">aumento
dell'evaporazione nelle zone tropicali <b><span style="color: red;">----> </span></b> aumento della formazione di
nuvole </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">----> </span></b></span>spostamento delle nuvole verso i poli </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">----> </span></b></span>precipitazioni sugli oceani </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">----> </span></b></span>diminuzione della salinità polare </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">----> </span></b></span>ridotto sprofondamento di acque
dense ai poli. </span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Voilà: nastro trasportatore bloccato.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">N.B. Secondo gli studiosi, questo sconvolgimento si verificò nel giro di pochi millenni, poi la nuova situazione durò a lungo, almeno 100.000 anni. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">E veniamo ai tempi nostri: negli ultimi 150 anni la specie umana
sta immettendo quantità enormi di gas serra nell'atmosfera,
aumentando in maniera rapidissima la temperatura delle acque superficiali. 150 anni
non sono niente a confronto del tempo profondo della geologia, ma
bastano, forse, a combinare un bel, velocissimo disastro. Cambiando
radicalmente l'idrosfera del pianeta.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Per comprendere l'entità del "nostro" guaio occorre tenere a mente che la vita sul pianeta è sempre riuscita a ritrovare un equilibrio, anche in condizioni difficili come quelle delle estinzioni di massa, che furono anche momenti altamente significativi per l'esplosione di nuove forme di vita. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">La più grave estinzione di massa della storia di Terra fu <a href="http://www.focus.it/scienza/spazio/lestinzione-di-massa-di-250-milioni-di-anni-fa-dopo-un-ko-devastante-una-rapida-ripresa">l'estinzione <b>P-Tr</b></a>, che avvenne circa 250 milioni di anni fa e segnò il limite tra il periodo Permiano e il Triassico. </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFXnklnLiPa-vVW_Uu9KemUTSuHPFsdx5BwcK3IJRVk7L5qdjd0nvKpjIgsO-93IfGTN5OBKOnzGiAV7Mqsz_06EbgPzOSaJUfEHa2ROTgksI08MO26PhIFHjEDC5jVb-48sNXd_QRzBw/s1600/dinogorgon+estinto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFXnklnLiPa-vVW_Uu9KemUTSuHPFsdx5BwcK3IJRVk7L5qdjd0nvKpjIgsO-93IfGTN5OBKOnzGiAV7Mqsz_06EbgPzOSaJUfEHa2ROTgksI08MO26PhIFHjEDC5jVb-48sNXd_QRzBw/s400/dinogorgon+estinto.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dinogorgon, rettile-mammifero del Permiano (260- 240 milioni di anni fa)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Allora oltre il 90% delle specie marine e il 70% dei vertebrati terrestri scomparvero, cambiando la direzione dell'evoluzione della vita. Andò perduta un'enorme parte della biodiversità ma in soli 10 milioni di anni Terra raggiunse, grazie alla comparsa di nuove specie, valori di biodiversità comparabili con quelli precedenti. Inutile dire che questa notizia, ottima dal punto di vista biologico, sarebbe stata una magrissima consolazione per tutte le specie scomparse. Facciamoci quindi una domanda: su quale fronte si sarebbe trovata la specie umana, con tutte le necessità indotte dalla propria sofisticata civiltà tecnologica, fra i sopravvissuti o fra i cari estinti? </span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Ecco, <i>questo </i>è il vero guaio. </span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">A proposito: quale fu la maggior causa scatenante dell'estinzione P-Tr? </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Le ricerche più recenti indicano numerose concause: riscaldamento globale, piogge acide,
acidificazione e anossia degli oceani. Potrebbe essersi anche fortemente indebolita la <i>circolazione termoialina</i>. Vi ricorda qualcosa?</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Tenete a mente la questione dell'acidificazione. Ne riparleremo la prossima volta. </span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-72296489009906844112016-09-12T13:01:00.000-07:002016-09-12T13:03:16.753-07:00Gli oceani? Non stanno niente bene!<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Possiamo
dividere le acque degli oceani e dei mari in due livelli: quello
superficiale (fino a 400 m di profondità), che comprende circa il
10% delle acque, e quello profondo, che comprende il restante 90%.
È la gravità a provocarne la stratificazione, facendo sprofondare
le acque più dense e salire quelle meno dense; la differenza di densità
è dovuta alla temperatura e alla salinità. Le zone di maggiore
sprofondamento sono quelle dell'Atlantico settentrionale (qui la Corrente del Golfo si raffredda e scende negli abissi oceanici) e le
zone attorno all'Antartide, dove le acque superficiali gelano e
quelle dense, fredde e salate, scendono in profondità. </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In pratica,
il pianeta è interessato da un continuo movimento di acque detto <i>circolazione termoialina</i> (il termine
deriva dal greco: calore + sale), che lo percorre per intero
trasportando, proprio come un nastro trasportatore planetario, sostanze nutritizie, anidride carbonica, energia. Le acque si muovono molto lentamente, più o meno a 1 cm/sec: una
molecola d'acqua impiega circa mille anni per compiere un giro
completo. </span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBB-VI-gtMp_PhmtycSVYdcaF5rYLt4wZaoY4T7vw0MYE6iGJvXv6IBzHiTX9G4qnCZImp1SB9NsNq4ZL0DphLYOED_WY2FpygAm1FjbrkSoiMYB-h71yOp7VAkMPVXSmvNDYBcNuPc4/s1600/Circulacion_termohalina.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBB-VI-gtMp_PhmtycSVYdcaF5rYLt4wZaoY4T7vw0MYE6iGJvXv6IBzHiTX9G4qnCZImp1SB9NsNq4ZL0DphLYOED_WY2FpygAm1FjbrkSoiMYB-h71yOp7VAkMPVXSmvNDYBcNuPc4/s640/Circulacion_termohalina.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Acque fredde, ad alta salinità <span style="background-color: #351c75;">-----</span> Acque calde e poco salate <span style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">----</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Il
rimescolamento dei due strati d'acqua è fondamentale perché le
molecole organiche e i sali minerali tendono a precipitare dall'alto
fino al piano abissale e le acque superficiali così perdono le
sostanze in grado di sostenere la catena alimentare. </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Purtroppo, il nostro "nastro trasportatore" rischia di guastarsi.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Secondo il quinto
rapporto dell'IPCC </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">(Gruppo Intergovernativo
sul Cambiamento Climatico)</span>, questi sono i cambiamenti avvenuti dalla
Rivoluzione Industriale a oggi:</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>A</b>: I mari hanno assorbito il
93% di tutta l'energia prodotta dall'effetto serra legato all'uso dei
combustibili fossili nell'ultimo secolo e il 30% dell'anidride
carbonica di origine antropica.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://saidisale.com/2015/11/29/allarme-gas-serra-che-futuro-ce-per-i-nostri-figli/"><img alt="https://saidisale.com/2015/11/29/allarme-gas-serra-che-futuro-ce-per-i-nostri-figli/" border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihV_-u3oqobRbCEWWUwBz76GOboI6BfVHBpHsp2qtxmBhxsHGdNCBSt1Fe1EwXwYIkq2l2LdqnG97R_uh5cjyVYXFpTWEmiQP1HZJag_4darv6dgHKAQTa6P8XZUuXn69z7ai2isPyqeg/s640/effetto+serra.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>B</b>: La temperatura
superficiale delle acque è in aumento fin dall'inizio del XX secolo:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<colgroup><col width="96*"></col>
<col width="53*"></col>
<col width="53*"></col>
<col width="53*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="38%"><br />
<br /></td>
<td width="21%"><span style="font-size: large;">Oceano Indiano</span></td>
<td width="21%"><span style="font-size: large;">Oceano Atlantico</span></td>
<td width="21%"><span style="font-size: large;">Oceano Pacifico</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="38%"><span style="font-size: large;">aumento della temperatura superficiale fino a 700 m. di profondità</span></td>
<td width="21%"><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">+ 0,65°C</span></td>
<td width="21%"><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">+ 0,41°C</span></td>
<td width="21%"><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">+ 0,31°C</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Conseguenze dell'aumento della temperatura
superficiale: </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>1.</b></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbpDsMD7m2pOGRcpwgsxYe4f5RbBV7kqUu7i9CutkXj9AAW50RE3QXsM2sITTo0DI5VmbZmMS_8npOJiQp49BYbdHtXdU1opBck_w1ZdO49vwB3BOC7cFJaqYmoV4viZ_ANodfC77JCBw/s1600/tempesta+tropicale.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbpDsMD7m2pOGRcpwgsxYe4f5RbBV7kqUu7i9CutkXj9AAW50RE3QXsM2sITTo0DI5VmbZmMS_8npOJiQp49BYbdHtXdU1opBck_w1ZdO49vwB3BOC7cFJaqYmoV4viZ_ANodfC77JCBw/s640/tempesta+tropicale.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">maggio 2016: ondata di </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background: #ffffff;">violente
tempeste tropicali in Bangladesh</span></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> </b></span>
</div>
<div align="RIGHT">
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 640px;">
<colgroup><col width="418"></col>
<col width="204"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="418"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">tropici </span></div>
</td>
<td width="204"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">poli</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="418"><span style="font-size: large;">tempeste tropicali più violente e con maggior potere
distruttivo vicino alle coste densamente abitate </span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">QUINDI:</span></span></div>
</td>
<td width="204"><span style="font-size: large;">aumento tasso di scioglimento dei ghiacci
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="418"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">maggiori precipitazioni
</span></div>
</td>
<td width="204"><br />
<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="TOP" width="630"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;">QUINDI:</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="TOP" width="630"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">abbassamento salinità <span style="color: #3333ff;">QUINDI: </span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="TOP" width="630"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">strato stabile superficiale di acqua + calda e –
salata, povera di nutrimento rispetto allo strato di acqua +
fredda e + salata sottostante</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="TOP" width="630"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;">QUINDI:</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="TOP" width="630"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>mancato rimescolamento dei due strati</b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span id="goog_1213621100"></span><span id="goog_1213621101"></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>2.</b></span>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<colgroup><col width="85*"></col>
<col width="83*"></col>
<col width="87*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="33%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">inquinamento industriale</span></div>
</td>
<td width="33%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">dilavamento dei terreni agricoli</span></div>
</td>
<td width="34%"><span style="font-size: large;">aumento temperatura delle acque</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="TOP" width="100%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">eccesso di fertilizzanti e sostanze nutrienti in
fiumi e mari <span style="color: #3333ff;">QUINDI:</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="TOP" width="100%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">aumento abnorme di fitoplancton e alghe
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="TOP" width="100%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;">QUINDI:</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="33%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">maggior assorbimento di anidride carbonica</span></div>
</td>
<td width="33%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">maggior consumo di ossigeno discolto
</span></div>
</td>
<td width="34%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">stratificazione e mancato rimescolamento
</span></div>
<div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;">delle acque</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td width="33%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Effetto </span></span></div>
<div align="CENTER">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">POSITIVO</span></span></div>
<div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">MA:</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" width="67%"><div align="CENTER">
<br /></div>
<div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: large;">QUINDI:</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="TOP" width="100%"><div align="CENTER">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Scarso ossigeno disponibile nello strato più
superficiale per grandi pesci e mammiferi acquatici.</b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/11/28/invasione-di-alghe-nel-mar-adriatico-ma-basso-livello-di-inquinamento/794123/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinh0Gs2VgfVxmMstZFSirUXEqYMygc-6pI1-8JRFeuFD56Qm4VGtm7e0RHDK0i29GhEBtF8qoMyOsmz0qTe9I89eDrHrYUeOnEyE-_T070SOiEE9cHOCUMKutwGX5S7TXuHXunG2bbEoU/s640/alghe-cervia.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2013/11/28/invasione-di-alghe-nel-mar-adriatico-ma-basso-livello-di-inquinamento/794123/">Invasione di alghe nel mare Adriatico presso Cervia</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Secondo il rapporto
dell'IPCC per tornare alle condizioni di 150 anni fa ci vorranno secoli,
forse millenni.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://rmm.an.ismar.cnr.it/env2web/IPO/IPO-13/capitolo13.htm">Qui</a> per saperne di più sulla circolazione oceanica profonda </span></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-58147434469014546872016-09-07T10:30:00.000-07:002016-09-07T10:30:27.075-07:00Due grandi avventure per confermare dati allarmanti<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">La prima avventura</span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nel 1870 due naturalisti
britannici, William Benjamin Carpenter e Charles Wyville Thomson
proposero di effettuare uan spedizione per mappare in maniera
sistematica mari e oceani terrestri. Chiesero e ottennero
finanziamenti alla <i>Royal Society</i> e al governo inglese e li ottennero,
perché proprio in quegli anni le prime aziende di telecomunicazioni
progettavano di collegare via telegrafo Europa e Stati Uniti. Per
farlo dovevano stendere dei cavi lunghissimi e quindi conoscere in maniera
dettagliata i fondali marini. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I nostri due eroi ottennero 200.000
sterline con le quali riadattarono a nave laboratorio una ex corvetta
della Royal Navy, la <i>Challenger</i>, lunga 68 metri, che partì
da Porthsmouth nel dicembre 1872 con a bordo 200 uomini di
equipaggio e 6 scienziati. Al ritorno, nel 1876, la <i>Challenger</i>
aveva mappato 130.000 km di oceani, passando per le Americhe, il
Sudafrica, l'Australia, il Giappone, l<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">'A</span>ntartide e varie isole di Atlantico e
Pacifico. </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHP4z4g0OEBUOGWAqVn2Y_n9dzPg7vzOf87o8tgXbquYwlUOdqQ_zbpaKmEVdjHyKyvY494GToNSsPVN-EBl4zgvhyphenhyphenWa5mntqgKjLKLgqKmD7bpPS3GUFSTvzB2wXwiFMX939kk8BW14/s1600/viaggio+challenger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHP4z4g0OEBUOGWAqVn2Y_n9dzPg7vzOf87o8tgXbquYwlUOdqQ_zbpaKmEVdjHyKyvY494GToNSsPVN-EBl4zgvhyphenhyphenWa5mntqgKjLKLgqKmD7bpPS3GUFSTvzB2wXwiFMX939kk8BW14/s400/viaggio+challenger.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">il viaggio della <a href="https://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiGzd-KovvOAhWI8RQKHQqsBqsQjB0IBg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgeology.uprm.edu%2FMorelockSite%2Fmorelockonline%2F8-sed.htm&psig=AFQjCNGlGVxaAa_z1pqmr5p-A67BhZOTYg&ust=1473269129194812">Challenger</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">La nave trasportò a casa migliaia di casse, vasi grandi e
piccoli, fiale e scatole metalliche contenenti campioni sotto alcool
e sotto sale; per classificarli tutti occorsero 20 anni di lavoro e vennero indi<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">viduate </span> 5000 nuove specie abissali. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Il vero tesoro portato dalla <i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">C</span>hallenger </i>furono, però, i dati riguardanti la temperatura e le proprietà chimiche e fisiche di
migliaia e migliaia di prelievi di acqua effettuati a varie profondità<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">. </span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJcoh4IvQBYWtZdrpTa1a1pEk6_P6FoELh0bcbs7EOlRlDVOa5ufx7-6OpqF1Z7erbVE4Zn_08zuxnx8wj8HDPxvm869JWBM4lEY-Ct0dwwZO7gbjIUNtEAZCnqHT4ySnP-Oi9w8BjIU0/s1600/hms-challenger-1872-76-nthe-naturalists-workroom-during-the-cruise-FF6XHW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJcoh4IvQBYWtZdrpTa1a1pEk6_P6FoELh0bcbs7EOlRlDVOa5ufx7-6OpqF1Z7erbVE4Zn_08zuxnx8wj8HDPxvm869JWBM4lEY-Ct0dwwZO7gbjIUNtEAZCnqHT4ySnP-Oi9w8BjIU0/s400/hms-challenger-1872-76-nthe-naturalists-workroom-during-the-cruise-FF6XHW.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">I</span>l
record delle misurazioni venne fissato a -8 km, </span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">fra Guam e Palau<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">, </span></span></span>nel<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span>Pacifico s<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ud-</span>occidentale;<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> in<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span>quella zona
si trova la maggior profondità marina mai registrata, nella zona
sud della Fossa delle Marianne: -11 km; il punto è chiamat<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">o</span> <i>abisso Challenger</i>. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I dati ottenuti da quella
gloriosa spedizione hanno stabilito le basi dell'oceanografia e sono
ancora oggi rilevanti per lo studio del clima e degli oceani. </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM4pClwQ430nZEqCqZ7BXEhe56iYo5857Hi25nvCySUxZJwEE3msUdWXsvVx8P_cN9yzpp7LgktexUbn5Ft7cYMhP2ymgZtMk7PEH_8cXidHi0ltghJPs0pDcPP4DjpATxz8gyRoSrCVc/s1600/challengercrew_600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM4pClwQ430nZEqCqZ7BXEhe56iYo5857Hi25nvCySUxZJwEE3msUdWXsvVx8P_cN9yzpp7LgktexUbn5Ft7cYMhP2ymgZtMk7PEH_8cXidHi0ltghJPs0pDcPP4DjpATxz8gyRoSrCVc/s400/challengercrew_600.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">I membri della spedizione</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">La seconda avventura</span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">135 anni dopo, nel XXI secolo, due
oceanografi – Dean Roemmich dello Scripps Oceanography Institute in
California e John Gould del National Oceanography Centre di
Southampton – hanno deciso di ripercorrere il tragitto della Challenger compiendo le medesime misurazioni di allora negli
stessi punti e profondità (circa 300) ma con gli strumenti più
moderni oggi disponibili. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Invece di navigare sui mari gli oceanografi hanno
navigato nella Rete, utilizzando i dati raccolti dai 3000
galleggianti robotici di Argo, la rete internazionale di
osservazione degli oceani varata nel 2000.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.researchitaly.it/conoscere/progetti-e-storie-di-successo/grandi-progetti/euroargo-italy-una-flotta-di-strumenti-autonomi-per-osservare-gli-oceani/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrufKu8oij-TCVMfRH2zDrwRqJ9w6BQ0Aq64LGnEfxrFlfnzx8ITrwjgQ_LD-B6zOa1qIp9q1VW5TdAYLu7L4qbNCnQq2Psyu5SCeiLcOpdz-zziSQY-50A9-s9uE1wWm8tIYzSu07qXs/s320/profilatore+autonomo.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.researchitaly.it/conoscere/progetti-e-storie-di-successo/grandi-progetti/euroargo-italy-una-flotta-di-strumenti-autonomi-per-osservare-gli-oceani/"><span style="font-size: small;">profilatore autonomo in emersione</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ogni robot è fornito di
sensori per la misurazione di temperatura salinità, direzione e
forza del vento e delle correnti. Le sonde robotiche possono
immergersi fino a 2 km di profondità registrando in maniera
continua le proprietà fisiche delle acque, poi riemergono
periodicamente e inviano i dati a <i>Giasone</i>, un satellite dedicato.
Roemmich e Gould, esaminando le rilevazioni di Argo hanno ripercorso
virtualmente la rotta della <i>Challenger</i> confrontando i dati ottenuti
con quelli di allora. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Della rete <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Argo fa<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> parte anche <a href="http://argoitaly.ogs.trieste.it/">Argo-Italy</a> la componente italiana, che studia in paticolare le acque del Mediterraneo.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQ8-Ij4DnUHEN7Ys2WFVzRxAGKWko0mvIhpIWJ-jBBChXblBuUHONnpJbwRwi-U2046ZA_wtGBCiyT4Jd5jf0tbVQAgWuLsoa-sq4AMNxPnylgBk_VrH1cGl1RjLcsBexwmYPwzkxjBM/s1600/robot.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQ8-Ij4DnUHEN7Ys2WFVzRxAGKWko0mvIhpIWJ-jBBChXblBuUHONnpJbwRwi-U2046ZA_wtGBCiyT4Jd5jf0tbVQAgWuLsoa-sq4AMNxPnylgBk_VrH1cGl1RjLcsBexwmYPwzkxjBM/s400/robot.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="didascalie did-center"><span style="padding: 5px; width: 339px;">Aliante sottomarino in grado di trasmettere dati alla superficie</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Il confronto fra i dati
del lavoro pionieristico della Challenger e quelli dello studio di
Roemmich e Gould costituisce una delle basi del quinto rapporto del
Gruppo Intergovernativo sul Cambiamento Climatico (IPCC-
<i>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</i>), dedicato agli
effetti climatici dei gas serra atmosferici, un'opera vastissima
alla quale hanno lavorato per anni migliaia di ricercatori esaminando
la letteratura scientifica e spaziando dalla Fisica atmosferica
all'Ecologia marina.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Il prossimo post sarà dedicato al rapporto dell'IPCC. </span></span><br />
<br /></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-58762442977021275042016-09-06T13:26:00.002-07:002016-09-06T13:26:42.261-07:00Meglio bene che meglio<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Devo questo titolo a una frase del mio consorte, pronunciata durante una chiacchierata a tre con un amico
comune. Lui, l'amico, mi prendeva bonariamente in giro perché questo mio
blog era inchiodato su un lungo intervento sulle felci datato
qualcosa come un <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ann<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">o e mezzo fa</span></span>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Io – Sì, è vero. Ma un
post di divulgazione scientifica mi succhia un sacco di tempo. Prendo
spunto da piccole cose: una passeggiata nel bosco, l'osservazione di
una tela di ragno, oppure da letture varie: romanzi, racconti... e
poi cerco la documentazione, immagini, video, è una faccenda lunga.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhab3T90Sp9cl-D4MhxpfnMjzTjnDQ7lf7sx3efCFzrXMRJGlzMpn8fK2JYNpGFb6UpPb9jpvTghk6ES8LtZ16hJrtcZwf4645S5RIqpYWopGaJvBGNfaujdBbPF7PXK1E2rOxUQ_gzB3s/s1600/seduta+sui+libri.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhab3T90Sp9cl-D4MhxpfnMjzTjnDQ7lf7sx3efCFzrXMRJGlzMpn8fK2JYNpGFb6UpPb9jpvTghk6ES8LtZ16hJrtcZwf4645S5RIqpYWopGaJvBGNfaujdBbPF7PXK1E2rOxUQ_gzB3s/s400/seduta+sui+libri.png" width="283" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Amico – Perché sei una
perfezionista, cerchi di scrivere dei trattati…</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Io – Ma in queste cose occorre essere
precisi, documentati…</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Consorte – Quando il meglio è nemico
del bene!</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Appunto.
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mi sarebbe molto piaciuto dargli torto.
Ma alla fine ho dovuto ammetterlo: pretendere di fare troppo è il
viatico per non fare più niente. E per non divertirsi più.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Quindi, d'ora in avanti, post brevi e
più frequenti.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">E quello che seguirà è il primo.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-23488649762380040482015-05-08T11:03:00.000-07:002015-05-08T11:03:35.263-07:00Misteriose felci. Quarta parte
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ma
loro come lo fanno?</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">È
venuto il momento di rivelare uno dei segreti della vita privata
delle Pteridofite: loro sono “diverse”. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Noi
pluricellulari, in stragrande maggioranza, abbiamo almeno una
costante nella vita: nasciamo diploidi e diploidi moriamo. Non è
molto, indubbiamente, ma il nucleo di ognuna delle nostre cellule
somatiche possiede per tutta la nostra vita due set di cromosomi: uno
di origine paterna e uno di origine materna. Tutte le nostre cellule
TRANNE le cellule riproduttive, i gameti. Quelli sono aploidi, cioè
hanno un solo set: un cromosoma 1, un cromosoma 2, un cromosoma 3...
ecc. provenienti o dal set materno o dal set paterno, fino al
cromosoma 23 (che può essere X o Y e, nei mammiferi, indica il sesso
biologico del nascituro). E questo perché la diploidia verrà
ripristinata nei fortunati pochi gameti che riusciranno a incontrare
un partner dell'altro genere durante la fecondazione. E questa
aploidia dei gameti ci salva dal disastro di raddoppiare il numero di
cromosomi tipici della specie generazione dopo generazione. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Detto
in linguaggio scientifico, dal punto di vista riproduttivo noi siamo
diplonti.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Però,
nella grande maggioranza dei pluricellulari, i gameti sono cosine
discrete, cellule aploidi; certo negli uccelli il gamete femminile è
un uovo visibile a occhio nudo, ma pur sempre una sola cellula.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Le
Pteridofite (come altre creature molto antiche, tipo i muschi) sono
invece aplodiplonti, ovvero presentano un'alternanza di generazioni
aploidi e diploidi. Frutto di una sperimentazione separata di Madre
Natura, loro fanno le cose in grande. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Le
spore sono cellule aploidi che non si uniscono ad altre cellule e
che, cadendo sul terreno, possono germinare, dando origine al
gametofito che ha una forma a tubercolo o, nelle felci, laminare e
viene chiamato </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">protallo</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">.
I protalli possono essere solo maschili (e producono gameti
maschili), solo femminili (e producono gameti femminili) oppure
ermafroditi (allora producono entrambi i tipi di gameti). I gameti
maschili sono spesso provvisti di ciglia per muoversi nell'acqua; i
gameti femminili, invece, sono contenuti in piccole strutture a forma
di fiasco e immobili. I gameti maschili “nuotano” fino ai
fiaschetti e si uniscono al gamete femminile, formando un embrione
che si nutre a spese del protallo, sviluppando lo sporofito che è
diploide, cioè quella che noi consideriamo la pianta vera e
propria. Quando lo sporofito giunge a maturazione sulle pagine
inferiori delle fronde dello sporofito si formano gli sporangi che,
spesso aiutati da agenti esterni (come il vento o magari il tessuto
dei vostri abiti o il pelo del vostro cane), cadono al suolo
liberando le spore, aploidi. E tutto ricomincia. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQEc7MQqy7H_q7uF1botk6pTWJmixr0lTZuS_kOWY_GLwq6vKRqfdKzY2deSMr4VY6mWl9AlNf4Wy_zX1BGXWKDAm5cdcjkVGew3iErvfbbCqMpvBtYTi5fIv7wMx-dDr66e7WvtqOQd8/s1600/ciclofelci.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQEc7MQqy7H_q7uF1botk6pTWJmixr0lTZuS_kOWY_GLwq6vKRqfdKzY2deSMr4VY6mWl9AlNf4Wy_zX1BGXWKDAm5cdcjkVGew3iErvfbbCqMpvBtYTi5fIv7wMx-dDr66e7WvtqOQd8/s400/ciclofelci.gif" width="330" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://omodeo.anisn.it/omodeo/classificazionpia.htm">ciclo riproduttivo delle felci</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Insomma,
mentre voi producete i vostri gameti che, unendosi a quelli di
eventuali partner daranno origine a piccolissimi umani, la felce che
state guardando produce qualcos'altro (o meglio </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>qualcun
altro</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">, che
gode di esistenza autonoma, seppur breve) che a sua volta produrrà
la felce che vedrete il prossimo anno. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ma
i segreti riproduttivi delle felci non finiscono qui: oltre che alla
riproduzione sessuata (gametofito) e asessuata sporofito), le
Pteridofite possono ricorrere alla riproduzione agamica (cioè da
parti della pianta adulta).</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Un
esempio di questa loro capacità viene dall'osservazione della</span></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Woodwardia
radicans</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
studiata presso </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">l'<a href="http://www.verdeinsiemeweb.com/search/label/Specie%20botaniche%20spontanee">Orto
Botanico di Messina</a>, che cura un progetto per la </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">sua
moltiplicazione e salvaguardia. La </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Woodwardia
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-style: normal;">è</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
una felce arborea molto bella, capace di riprodursi anche per via
vegetativa grazie a bulbilli che si formano in cima alla foglia e
radicano quando toccano il terreno </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">umido.
Ho preso in prestito l'immagine qui sotto proprio dal sito dell'Orto
Pietro Castelli di Messina.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI5mjkhT7uYHIR2fywO_0-N5ByZV9d6A2v7AibY_DxPUmUhlbWVQIf7jhJNcDzNpkaULwNdFos8kuhhFaAU-_Qj37BCaJn465fHOpBLqTXhXLkZBNp4NAyvp4HLCsox0jV4UtXmelj14k/s1600/woodwardia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI5mjkhT7uYHIR2fywO_0-N5ByZV9d6A2v7AibY_DxPUmUhlbWVQIf7jhJNcDzNpkaULwNdFos8kuhhFaAU-_Qj37BCaJn465fHOpBLqTXhXLkZBNp4NAyvp4HLCsox0jV4UtXmelj14k/s400/woodwardia.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Woodwardia
radicans</i></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
</blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ma,
come direbbe un mio amico, le felci sono strane, sono pure belle, ma
non si mangiano... Vale proprio la pena di dedicar loro tanto spazio?
Se siete così pragmatici continuate a leggere...</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span></span>
</div>
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<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Tesori
della Terra</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Le
felci arboree del carbonifero ci hanno lasciato un'eredità
grandiosa. I combustibili fossili. Come ricorda il biologo
evoluzionista Piotr Naskrecki (1), </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">… la nostra economia, basata sui
combustibili fossili , è alimentata dagli alberi che dominavano le
foreste palustri del Carbonifero, precursori di piccole piante che
calpestiamo oggi ogni giorno come licopodi ed equiseti, che sono
fossili viventi.</span></span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<span id="goog_1219661398"></span><span id="goog_1219661399"></span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_OomqE3pGCkI_MoxlWcxSXK7gdC-s44kO38sEDjrGtViIfIFhm3BOOy_Eu2AESusdDjLdrE41i-8PLeXqrkatcxfQ-hD2D4hvusleY5VhJEtbz4WOn5A3hmtxW8RR349zLadM4FvH9_k/s1600/carbone.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_OomqE3pGCkI_MoxlWcxSXK7gdC-s44kO38sEDjrGtViIfIFhm3BOOy_Eu2AESusdDjLdrE41i-8PLeXqrkatcxfQ-hD2D4hvusleY5VhJEtbz4WOn5A3hmtxW8RR349zLadM4FvH9_k/s400/carbone.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://89-97-218-226.ip19.fastwebnet.it/web1/science/scienze_file/r_organogene-1.htm">carbon fossile con felce</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Questo
bel pezzo di carbone esibisce una felce fossile, l'ho scelto proprio
per ricordarvi che i combustibili fossili derivano dalla
trasformazione (carbogenesi) di sostanza organica seppellita in
profondità nella crosta terrestre nel corso delle ere geologiche, in
forme molecolari via via più stabili e ricche di carbonio. Uno
studioso di ecologia direbbe che queste sostanze conservano nei loro
legami chimici l'energia solare assorbita dalla biosfera di centinaia
di milioni
di anni fa grazie alla fotosintesi e, nel caso del petrolio e del gas
naturale, fluita lungo catena alimentare da un livello trofico
all'altro. </span></span>
</div>
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<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ma
allora le piante sono pezzi di carbonio?</span></span></b></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
un certo senso sì. Ma quali lentissimi processi hanno consentito
alle Pteridofite e alle prime Gimnosperme di trasformarsi in
combustibili? </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Be',
immaginiamo i vegetali delle antiche foreste mentre piano piano
cadono a terra e cominciano ad essere coperti da sedimenti. La
pressione su di essi aumenta, il calore – compreso quello prodotto
dagli elementi radioattivi della crosta terrestre – pure.
Lentamente i batteri anaerobi eliminano da queste sostanze organiche
l'ossigeno, l'idrogeno e l'azoto sotto forma di acqua e ammoniaca, aumentando anno dopo anno la
concentrazione di carbonio all'interno di questi resti (processo di
carbonizzazione), fino alla formazione di quelli che chiamiamo i vari tipi di carboni fossili. </span></span>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkPvB7Qs_Z6GvmI5h6uBu6h9ImknPH81D1TZMFaszQj83SkFki-YY_TPijxUbfaBLWvUQUMPrQ7St0DRkD5YqP5yZTP4EVve3wO9StYIHRgwvN7o94Cje3tYa9A6E0D4EU_-VNI4orYb0/s1600/formazione+carboni.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkPvB7Qs_Z6GvmI5h6uBu6h9ImknPH81D1TZMFaszQj83SkFki-YY_TPijxUbfaBLWvUQUMPrQ7St0DRkD5YqP5yZTP4EVve3wO9StYIHRgwvN7o94Cje3tYa9A6E0D4EU_-VNI4orYb0/s400/formazione+carboni.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.geologia.com/area_raga/carbone/carbone.html">Formazione del carbone</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Maggiore
il tempo di carbonizzazione, maggiore il contenuto in carbonio dei
combustibili che vengono così classificati in base alla sua
percentuale: il litantrace, che è il più pregiato, giunge al 93%,
sua cugina povera, la torba, raggiunge soltanto il 55%. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I
carboni che noi abbiamo imparato a estrarre da secoli sono formati
da carbonio, da una certa percentuale di idrogeno, ossigeno, azoto e
piccole quantità di argilla, calcite, zolfo e acqua. Lo zolfo, che
nella combustione si libera sotto forma di anidride solforosa (?) è
responsabile di una bella fetta di inquinamento atmosferico. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Il
petrolio, invece, è una miscela di idrocarburi liquidi, e il gas
naturale una miscela di idrocarburi gassosi. Entrambi derivano dalla
fossilizzazione di resti animali, in genere plancton, in ambiente
marino. In senso stretto non hanno relazioni con le nostre
pteridofite, ma vale la pena ricordarlo.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">A
questo punto si potrebbe parlare dell'impatto ambientale e sulla
salute umana dei combustibili fossili, ricordare che, soprattutto il
petrolio, hanno innescato rivalità, attriti e guerre fra le nazioni
della Terra, disquisire sul diritto di tutti i popoli di accedervi
equamente e sul loro dovere di non inquinare... Ma anche questa è
un'altra storia, che esula dalla modesta portata di questo mio post
da neo-appassionata di Pteridofite... </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ma
non esula dalla mia convinzione marxista che l'economia fa girare
buona parte del mondo e che è meglio conoscerla, almeno un po', per
non esserne soltanto vittime. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPvzIw7H9oj7gGqpkPKzoDlCSr1JFxrnjzqYzjFynXrZTjXlTMwKqK_JWWv_ABfxP128_Mq32SeYRiEqd_1ax0_XGc1Nuv2EJ_fy1THtdLxQ59nG_zqKwSEF3BvfHOYz1w72wEvfrV7CQ/s1600/inquinamento+cina.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPvzIw7H9oj7gGqpkPKzoDlCSr1JFxrnjzqYzjFynXrZTjXlTMwKqK_JWWv_ABfxP128_Mq32SeYRiEqd_1ax0_XGc1Nuv2EJ_fy1THtdLxQ59nG_zqKwSEF3BvfHOYz1w72wEvfrV7CQ/s640/inquinamento+cina.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.genitronsviluppo.com/2009/01/09/il-carbone-cinese-la-furiosa-crescita-della-cina-alimentata-dal-carbon-fossile-dai-cieli-oscurati-delle-metropoli-industriali-ai-progetti-carbone-pulito-greengen-ecco-si-forgia-il-destino-del-clima-ne/">Cielo di una città cinese oscurato dai fumi di carbone</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nel sito indicato qui sopra troverete alcuni dati interessanti sull'uso del carbon
fossile. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Il
mio spazio dedicato alle felci finisce qui. Spero di avervi convinti
che sono creature meritevoli di attenzione e di attenzioni. Io mi ci
sono affezionata e continuerò ad ammirarle nei boschi. Anzi –
cane, gatto, marito e figlia permettendo – ne voglio ospitare una,
purché sia in grado di campare bene nel clima caldo e secco del mio
terrazzo. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Potrei cominciare con questa: mi assicurano che resiste bene sia al calcare che alla siccità. </span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBoKnnZMQWKQygB9rD4XsVhJb5TlZG5RlHksRIM_uugwn-NpV2iOGiYw5agLK9d77Xdar_YwPBkrOafTKZ5443q-YdriW2amAKxXGRTqPFJpkQikObFXw8zqZsEK9TPIlX5om34rPU7A0/s1600/poypodium-vulgare.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBoKnnZMQWKQygB9rD4XsVhJb5TlZG5RlHksRIM_uugwn-NpV2iOGiYw5agLK9d77Xdar_YwPBkrOafTKZ5443q-YdriW2amAKxXGRTqPFJpkQikObFXw8zqZsEK9TPIlX5om34rPU7A0/s400/poypodium-vulgare.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Polypodium vulgare</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;">(1)
Liberamente citato da A. J. Werth e W. A. Shear nel bell'articolo <i>La
verità sui fossili viventi, </i><span style="font-style: normal;">pubblicato
in</span> “Le Scienze” n. 560, aprile 2015).</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">... </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-89559393242617776392015-04-27T08:09:00.001-07:002015-04-27T08:09:16.428-07:00Misteriose felci. Terza parte<span 150="" line-height:="" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Parliamo
tanto di loro</b></span> </span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Attualmente
le </span><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Pteridofite</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i>
</i>vengono considerate una divisione di piante crittogame vascolari a
cui appartengono specie usualmente note come </span><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">felci</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">equiseti</span><span 150="" line-height:="" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%;">licopodi</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">
e </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%;">selaginelle. </span></i><span font-size:="" large="" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%><i></i>La comunità scientifica, uno dei modelli più recenti di specie umana, continua ad accapigliarsi sulla loro classificazione, ma generalmente ammette 3 grandi raggruppamenti: </span> </div> <span style=;">
</span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">I
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">licopodi</span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Gli
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">equiseti</span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Le
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">felci</span></b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Benché
siano un gruppo antichissimo, le Pteridofite godono di ottima salute e sono
rappresentate da circa 11.000 specie. A
differenza delle colleghe più moderne (Gimnosperme e Angiosperme
definite con il nome antipatico di “piante superiori”) che producono semi, le Pteridofite si arrangiano diversamente. Ma andiamo con ordine.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></span></div>
<div class="western">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Noi
felci siam così...</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Molte
pteridofite possiedono fronde a lamina intera o spesso pennata, provviste
di numerose nervature e, nello stadio giovanile, arrotolate
all’apice. Ricordate quel grazioso riccioletto in punta alle felci
dei nostri sottoboschi? Non esiste per strapparci un “che carine!”
ma a causa della crescita più rapida della pagina inferiore delle
giovani fronde rispetto a quella superiore; quando le fronde
diventano adulte subiscono la <i>vernazione circinnata</i>, che
qualunque umano (tranne i botanici) chiamerebbe
"srotolamento". </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Le
foglie portano sulla pagina inferiore parecchi sporangi spesso riuniti in sori. Lo sporangio è
talmente importante da consentire di suddividere le felci in due
gruppi: <i>eusporangiate </i>e<i> leptosporangiate</i> (se non dovete sostenere un esame di botanica sistematica potete dimenticare subito questa informazione).</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">La
porzione di pianta che noi vediamo passeggiando nei boschi è
costituita dalle fronde, insomma dalle foglie; il fusto è di solito
un rizoma sotterraneo, ma – come ormai sappiamo – nelle felci arboree tropicali cresce all'esterno e può raggiungere dimensioni simili a quelle delle
palme.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2 align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span></h2>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Classificazione</span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">(vale la raccomandazione di poche righe fa).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Un recente articolo scientifico propone, sulla base di dati
morfologici e molecolari, la suddivisione delle Pteridofite in 4 classi: </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<ul>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/641902/whisk-fern"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJLzLNSEkteOqPsxUjac_m6hbyUw8l7uZ6r89P_P8rPhkKvlLAK-keo60NccxrGySeT1py1Am28DoIy5XayuwOP4dbAICGo89n4TwLjxR2uVDrltrO4WtxuuSVkRAGsm11dd1vq7ZpBEw/s1600/psilotun+nudum.jpg" height="200" width="196" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/641902/whisk-fern"><span style="font-size: large;">Psilotum nudum</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Psilotopsida</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i> </i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Attualmente
sono le piante vascolari più semplici, fatte proprio al risparmio,
perfino prive di foglie.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i> </i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Lo <i>Psilotum nudum</i> è l'unica specie che vive in Europa (Spagna), le altre specie vivono nelle regioni tropicali e subtropicali. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmHtDWAxPWXXy-bD8kG1rl-n7FdbFguT2xPcCNpDp5ejYR4jGCRBnfJ4SybwIOLDZl80v409k7B0du2QaFAFjFOK_P_VWxgL4_6ZVe8EBRkAQNvR6uLomQdbheJYw6gtsDKUXQWWE4BlE/s1600/Equisetum-fluviatile-1995.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmHtDWAxPWXXy-bD8kG1rl-n7FdbFguT2xPcCNpDp5ejYR4jGCRBnfJ4SybwIOLDZl80v409k7B0du2QaFAFjFOK_P_VWxgL4_6ZVe8EBRkAQNvR6uLomQdbheJYw6gtsDKUXQWWE4BlE/s1600/Equisetum-fluviatile-1995.jpg" height="320" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://luirig.altervista.org/photos-search/index.php?title=Equisetum+fluviatile"><span style="font-size: large;">Equisetum Fluviatile</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Equisetopsida</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Sono
formate da un unico ordine, le <i>Equisetales, </i> diffuse già alla
fine dal Devoniano (395 – 345 milioni di anni fa). </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Quello di fianco viene chiamato anche Coda Cavallina (il perché è abbastanza evidente). E' diffuso in gran parte dell'emisfero Nord, predilige ambienti umidi, paludosi e ha notevoli proprietà curative: </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">anti- emorragiche, cicatrizzanti, emosta- tiche diuretiche, astringenti e remineralizzanti (contiene fino al 20% di sali minerali, particolarmente di silicio). Un tempo i contadini ne mangiavano i germogli impanati e fritti, oppure conditi con aceto, e
lo aggiungevano ai minestroni. Meglio non esagerare, comunque: alcune specie contengono un
enzima, la tiaminasi, che disattiva la vitamina B1.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gli antichi romani mescolavano l'equiseto all'olio d'oliva e all'argilla verde, ottenendone un composto delicatamente
esfoliante. Sempre per l'alto contenuto in silicio, molte popolazioni lo usarono per levigare le superfici metalliche. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Marattiopsida</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Anche
questo gruppo ha un solo ordine, le <i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Marattiales;
</span></i><span style="font-weight: normal;">comparse nel Carbonifero</span><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">, </span></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">si
sono separate </span></span>dalle altre felci molto presto, vivono in ambienti tropicali e sono
assai differenti dalle felci che conosciamo nelle nostre zone
temperate: hanno un fusto breve e bulboso e fronde più larghe
di ogni altra felce, che possono raggiungere la lunghezza di alcuni metri. Questa <i>Marattia salicina</i> vive a Aukland, in Nuova Zelanda</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgckxuMvrJVEBOAVlyTawYkXlF0V_b727hFiSQ5Dze7UtLU6L9UDs8SivRoiBFPSCImnDNB43VPWnTWbuCr-UZUTRx31DZQh2y_EE5i75yayjR4HvG-EB-Blu8o3ZdVJyoH2L_T9lVxc5s/s1600/marattia+salicina,+Felce+del+Re.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgckxuMvrJVEBOAVlyTawYkXlF0V_b727hFiSQ5Dze7UtLU6L9UDs8SivRoiBFPSCImnDNB43VPWnTWbuCr-UZUTRx31DZQh2y_EE5i75yayjR4HvG-EB-Blu8o3ZdVJyoH2L_T9lVxc5s/s1600/marattia+salicina,+Felce+del+Re.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tolweb.org/onlinecontributors/app;jsessionid=008983FBC59C0E0A0ED04F16E6E08E32?page=ViewImageData&service=external&sp=35680"><span style="font-size: large;">Marattia salicina o Felce del Re</span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Pteridopsida</i></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Dette anche Polypodiidae, sono il più ampio gruppo di felci viventi: circa
8465 specie. </span> Almeno un terzo di loro sono epifite. La felce fotografata qui sotto è appunto una felce epifita, detta anche Felce a corna di cervo per le fronde caratteristiche; "epifita" indica una pianta che cresce su un'altra pianta, assorbendo l'umidità dell'aria. La nostra <i>Platycerium </i>presenta una serie di adattamenti interessanti: le fronde basali sono </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">tondeggianti e formano una lamina
spugnosa che aderisce al tronco degli alberi, proteggendo le radici della felce. In
alcune specie, il margine superiore di queste fronde forma una coppa in
cui si raccolgono acqua piovana e detriti organici. Le epifite non vanno confuse con le piante parassite, come il vischio e certe orchidee, che traggono sostanze nutritive dalla loro "vittima". </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Se ve lo state chiedendo, NO, l'edera non è una pianta parassita e le sue radici avventizie non intaccano la corteccia della pianta che la sostiene.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVnJbS8gNj0auUa2IIhfqSSyWr0uCmcmdMJbolJL7uzqc3FwzrYvFhaWYIdecm1kLVzo0SATE0pc6WYr0-4poxLKJ_bsda9EWN671TD2aEKCT0sQgq0QYyK6gDu_4g2iEP2Xys_Gb6v5k/s1600/1platycerium_alcicorne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVnJbS8gNj0auUa2IIhfqSSyWr0uCmcmdMJbolJL7uzqc3FwzrYvFhaWYIdecm1kLVzo0SATE0pc6WYr0-4poxLKJ_bsda9EWN671TD2aEKCT0sQgq0QYyK6gDu_4g2iEP2Xys_Gb6v5k/s1600/1platycerium_alcicorne.jpg" height="274" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.elicriso.it/it/come_coltivare/platycerium/">Platycerium alcicorne </a></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Ecco, anche questa è fatta. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Se troverete (es. su Wikipedia) classificazioni differenti, non preoccupatevi, Lo studio che ho citato è molto recente, la materia resta controversa e i "felciologi" sono appassionati e rissosi.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Ma prima di chiudere questo post n. 3, vi lascio con qualche notizia su una felce molto singolare: <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Ho scoperto i segreti di questa notevolissima felce leggendo <i>Diario di Oaxaca</i>, il bel libro di Oliver Sacks che ho già citato nella prima parte (e recensito qui). Un compagno di viaggio di Sacks l'ha ribattezzata con ragione la "Lucrezia Borgia delle felci". </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Guardatela: bella verde, può raggiungere anche i due metri di altezza e le sue fronde si sviluppano fino a un metro di lunghezza; sembra una felce tanto per bene, ma </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">ha l'anima perfida di un'avvelenatrice: intanto anche lei contiene la tiaminasi che distrugge la vitamina B1, causando turbe nervose a bovini e cavalli che la mangiano: prima i poveretti perdono la coordinazione e vanno in giro barcollando, poi – se si ostinano a consumarla – cominciano a tremare, hanno le convulsioni e muoiono. Le sue fronde producono cianuro, avvelenando i disgraziati insetti che intendono cibarsene, ma Lucrezia Borgia fa di peggio: è la pianta che contiene la maggior quantità di ecdisoni, ormoni che inducono alterazioni nella metamorfosi o il blocco delle crisalidi prima del termine. Terrificante, vero? Ma non è finita: come ultimo regalo, Felce aquilina secerne una sostanza cancerogena che provoca il tumore allo stomaco. Orrida ma fantasiosa e, a suo modo, piena di stile! </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Se state pensando che sia una felce tropicale e che difficilmente la incontrerete siete in errore, Lei è una "s</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">pecie cosmopolita", diffusa in tutte le regioni temperate e subtropicali, sia nell'emisfero settentrionale sia in quello meridionale; è presente in tutto il territorio italiano, dal livello del mare fino a 2000 metri di altitudine. State in guardia!</span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPeLUpn3yNkp-4toejT3icuP-7n0jhoFs7qPInyLwFBKnbcsg4CsFGGol3xVdT3Y5IRLd8wJzY_-dW3fFsOCJYabS6fJhyphenhyphenb6Gzvud9ic0vA-f8FfslZ2dvXDSVVlJ7ZBmXGUJu0t1Lfpo/s1600/3Pter_aquilinum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPeLUpn3yNkp-4toejT3icuP-7n0jhoFs7qPInyLwFBKnbcsg4CsFGGol3xVdT3Y5IRLd8wJzY_-dW3fFsOCJYabS6fJhyphenhyphenb6Gzvud9ic0vA-f8FfslZ2dvXDSVVlJ7ZBmXGUJu0t1Lfpo/s1600/3Pter_aquilinum.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Pteridium aquilinum</i></span></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"></span></h2>
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S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-63023674256481186622015-04-18T10:26:00.000-07:002015-04-18T10:26:49.236-07:00<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
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<h2>
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Seconda parte </b></span></span></h2>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Puntare
verso l'alto</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDN0VwZKuN1tSSnY-AQmTi3-DMDQUosWxp3ponAPhrMQAPrZWTIYiY0cYva5n4QO30NR0hv9mEwX7MZynHHz80B71cdlqB9QcIiF3qpg_Kus_TGGAJZOcQqIENm4tVMFZw0xXxQJ-9b44/s1600/cormo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDN0VwZKuN1tSSnY-AQmTi3-DMDQUosWxp3ponAPhrMQAPrZWTIYiY0cYva5n4QO30NR0hv9mEwX7MZynHHz80B71cdlqB9QcIiF3qpg_Kus_TGGAJZOcQqIENm4tVMFZw0xXxQJ-9b44/s1600/cormo.jpg" height="320" width="226" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.tbg.kahaku.go.jp/">Esempio di cormofita</a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">L'innovazione
è stato il </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><i>cormo</i>,
cioè</span><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">il
corpo vegetativo (diploide) formato da organi differenziati: le
radici, il fusto e le foglie che, nelle pteridofite, si chiamano
fronde. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Felci ed Equiseti si distinguono anche per la modalità di
riproduzione: queste antichissime </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">piante </span>non producono semi ma </span><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">spore</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">,
gameti (cioè cellule “sessuali”) prodotte all’interno degli
sporangi, solitamente posizionati nella pagina inferiore delle fronde
e raggruppati in strutture chiamate </span><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">sori</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">.
</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Per
toccare con mano la seconda novità andate in un bosco e guardate
dove mettete i piedi: non appena avvistate una felce afferrate
GENTILMENTE una delle sue fronde e voltatela, sotto sarà piena di
sori, di solito color arancio bruno.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqFm6TjcGbkrHtbQLFi8EVCoGjpegX4yUO9HjkrMUAERTu5RfVtoiioG39P7hWHwbkHyeeoghO0eoZk0g30QyrpwWBMym5SeCdwsqHGsG4-L8l8ye0C8x8wyYjngFz1lmkzCAQMtmxqf4/s1600/asplenium_sori.jpg" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.elicriso.it/it/come_coltivare/felci/">Asplenium</a>, sori </span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Riassumiamo:
le Pteridofite, con il loro cormo, ultimo modello vegetale dell'anno
425.000.000 a.C., sono <i>piante vascolari senza semi</i>.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Scoperta
la verticalità, le Pteridofite ci hanno preso gusto... Perché fare le
cose a metà? </span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Meglio
esagerare</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtkqPTdOPuJuar4OE1gSuIXR5H9LXxnW-LK3qaYogBNQ-fG6AHw_Ou5yljmvoRfunZ-QdggFZToz3VBz77r8obYbRtL2DG-tvdP46J6XcNlowkEYN9i-jboJiv3IJeYipndMFdK4ho-xQ/s1600/Devoniano.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtkqPTdOPuJuar4OE1gSuIXR5H9LXxnW-LK3qaYogBNQ-fG6AHw_Ou5yljmvoRfunZ-QdggFZToz3VBz77r8obYbRtL2DG-tvdP46J6XcNlowkEYN9i-jboJiv3IJeYipndMFdK4ho-xQ/s1600/Devoniano.gif" height="340" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Venti milioni di anni prima di Angara</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Avete
presente la macchina del tempo? Ecco, facciamo finta che possa essere
costruita. Anzi, facciamo finta che sia già disponibile. Saliamoci e
impostiamo le coordinate:<u><i>Angara,
anno -350.000.000</i></u> </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Angara
non vi dice nulla? Comprensibile, si tratta di un continente
antichissimo, formato dalle attuali </span><span style="color: maroon; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cina
e Siberia.</span> <span style="color: black;">In questo movimentato periodo le due grandi masse continentali dell'emisfero Nord,
Angara e Laurentia, stanno avvicinandosi per formare il grande
supercontinente di Pangea.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il
periodo Carbonifero comincia proprio quando il mare (la futura
Tetide) invade Laurenzia. In pochi millenni in
gran parte delle terre emerse del pianeta si instaura un clima
uniforme, caldo e umido, con grandi ambienti lagunari. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Se
inforchiamo gli occhiali da botanico vediamo una quantità enorme di
Pteridofite e alcune Gimnosperme. Niente Angiosperme, per ora, le
piante con i fiori non esistono ancora.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGe-IP4lSzgAgCiGGoJ6uU74eCMR4GjWFskgK2VzAeRqxL2ZqnBGBnbLLWZsy9CFO8jmNkbZzE0XsMUkXZ4cjge-9Yugcz3I9liX5FdhYXcSimq1brHumACDkLixsQER1kKhAMWXan_fc/s1600/licopodiali+arboree.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhisSNk5PVcD_evQWLA-HU2I6GdW8Ztef5ZJSJ6wbim6tz4cpIWt7jQI5bWUAibPt-L6PKI1nQ4qui8iIaUj-RvJhDxTywAAIGSG0XbYYhmqM1iecirMqX1tfI2-06UXZ9wZ8wdHjLhbPI/s1600/cyathea+australis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhisSNk5PVcD_evQWLA-HU2I6GdW8Ztef5ZJSJ6wbim6tz4cpIWt7jQI5bWUAibPt-L6PKI1nQ4qui8iIaUj-RvJhDxTywAAIGSG0XbYYhmqM1iecirMqX1tfI2-06UXZ9wZ8wdHjLhbPI/s1600/cyathea+australis.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Cyathea Australis</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">In pratica esistono due tipi di
foresta: quello tipico di zone estremamente umide, dove Licopodiali (Sigillarie e Lepidodendri)
ed Equisetali "esagerano", raggiungendo 30, talvolta 50 m di altezza:</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjROphGG385XIxfq-htXR8q5CgZ8iT5TyVGYwFHTXkXKO6T0GCu1YfzMfP0LR1FimisJTq6JY-XcbB5HB3DE8ZFD6l6n_3TK81FJ7nF-qunkY4uf1ozodecXcAAcmFLPy5-pXTesdST5g/s1600/carbonifero.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjROphGG385XIxfq-htXR8q5CgZ8iT5TyVGYwFHTXkXKO6T0GCu1YfzMfP0LR1FimisJTq6JY-XcbB5HB3DE8ZFD6l6n_3TK81FJ7nF-qunkY4uf1ozodecXcAAcmFLPy5-pXTesdST5g/s1600/carbonifero.jpg" height="304" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www2.msn.unifi.it/CMpro-v-p-599.html">Ricostruzione di un paesaggio del Carbonifero</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">e il tipo più “moderno”,
tipico di aree più elevate e meno umide, dove le piante hanno sviluppato
vere
foglie, che consentono una più ampia superficie di scambio con
l'atmosfera e trasporto più rapido di liquidi all'interno della
pianta. Qui troviamo Ginkgoacee e Cordaitee (con organi riproduttivi
simili quelle delle attuali conifere), Pteridosperme e le prime Cicadee,
che sembrano felci arboree ma in realtà sono gimnosperme (cioè piante
con ovuli femminili, polline e semi), mentre le felci formano
il sottobosco. In fotografia una Cycas, detta palma nana, con il tronco tozzo e poco ramificato e corona di foglie (non fronde!) in cima. </span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir4a5euH2aKmICB2nMDZQmOSkDmtaEmK6g3q4K5pBLhNUkIyhIpahmmwiCQzmOta2gKbOAKYvXpdpsziOwfgvp1yheK4NJiYtqc_0ggNHirk4sRDeU8QFEU9xKkvhZ0WgT1DClde0AXK0/s1600/cicadea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir4a5euH2aKmICB2nMDZQmOSkDmtaEmK6g3q4K5pBLhNUkIyhIpahmmwiCQzmOta2gKbOAKYvXpdpsziOwfgvp1yheK4NJiYtqc_0ggNHirk4sRDeU8QFEU9xKkvhZ0WgT1DClde0AXK0/s1600/cicadea.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.liceoclassicodante.fi.it/old-site/ortobotanico.htm">Cycas revoluta Thunb</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">Per dirla in modo diverso, il
mondo è diviso in due biomi grandi quanto continenti: </span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">bioma
australe - che si estende su terre corrispondenti alle future
Australia, Borneo, India, Africa e America Meridionale - con flora a
</span><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Glossopteris,
</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">più
povera e monotona caratterizzata da fronde a spatola e nervature
centrali;</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">bioma
boreale - che si estende su terre formate dalle future Europa
centrale, Inghilterra e America Settentrionale - vario e ricco di
specie tropicali, coperto di flora a </span><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Pecopteris</span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">,
caratterizzata da fronde a pinnule piccole, intere o leggermente
lobate, con sottili nervature laterali. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La felce fossile della fotografia è un esemplare di <i>Pecopteris</i>, proviene da Nassfid, Austria, è mia e ne vado molto fiera.</span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRj3I_-1pTDIACxSP8vHqGojFdaXqaVdzowmmiOb6mZGhEnyibyZv5ii1apxSLZfNoGfcrKYHQ9cYzCpRT3hC5o33lg4PigqcxFcq4CHdIy6939PUtjUVuIXnWb3Q3EO-NTUMD03AMv0/s1600/felce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRj3I_-1pTDIACxSP8vHqGojFdaXqaVdzowmmiOb6mZGhEnyibyZv5ii1apxSLZfNoGfcrKYHQ9cYzCpRT3hC5o33lg4PigqcxFcq4CHdIy6939PUtjUVuIXnWb3Q3EO-NTUMD03AMv0/s1600/felce.jpg" height="320" width="294" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Fine della seconda parte</span>.<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Per una storia più dettagliata delle Pteridofite Cliccate<span style="font-size: x-large;"> <a href="http://omodeo.anisn.it/omodeo/storteridofite.htm">qui</a>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://patto.unite.it/pluginfile.php/3356/mod_resource/content/1/11_Gimnosperme.pdf">Qui</a></span>, invece, troverete un buon riassunto della storia evolutiva delle spermatofite</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Per finire, ecco il trailer di <i>Epic</i>, film del 2013 diretto da Chris Wedge (uno dei co-registi de <i>L'era glaciale</i>). Solida favola a tema ecologico, </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Epic </i></span>racconta le avventure di una giovane umana, miniaturizzata da un magico incontro, in una foresta dove ogni pianta – felci comprese – è gigantesca. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-xu3JLXfuwQ/0.jpg" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/-xu3JLXfuwQ?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-28961896530260202742015-04-09T10:19:00.000-07:002015-04-09T10:19:22.142-07:00<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Prima parte </b></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Misteriose felci </b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSY4qz_EeryemaGjEDHCiqQg90VNOpu4SjA9g6Xg0uEMyf-wDSBJPlweHTaUfKaeGHszw0RVOtmInxfYYb_Z_QZTn8XYGzf4UgNfEGlKpZhQ_fl8rv8JLouoDdnUBqhjS7OeJoxor0WFs/s1600/felci+bimbe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSY4qz_EeryemaGjEDHCiqQg90VNOpu4SjA9g6Xg0uEMyf-wDSBJPlweHTaUfKaeGHszw0RVOtmInxfYYb_Z_QZTn8XYGzf4UgNfEGlKpZhQ_fl8rv8JLouoDdnUBqhjS7OeJoxor0WFs/s1600/felci+bimbe.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">giovani <a href="http://www.magicoalvis.it/photo/Felci-1.htm">fronde di felce</a> ancora arrtolate</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b><span id="goog_863853297"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_863853298"></span></b><b></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b></b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le felci mi piacciono, mi sono famigliari fin da quando ero piccola e passeggiavo nei boschi con mio padre. Adesso passeggio da sola o, più spesso, con il mio consorte e continuo a fermarmi a osservarle, sfiorarle con le dita, voltare le fronde alla ricerca delle spore. Sono creature interessanti, antichissime eppure, ai loro tempi, molto innovative, e quando insegno un po' di botanica alle mie classi cerco sempre di metterle in bella luce. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Quando mi sono ritrovata fra le mani <i>Diario di Oaxaca</i>(1), un piccolo libro di viaggio scritto da un appassionato di felci abbastanza insospettabile come Oliver Sacks l'ho letto d'un fiato e mi sono detta: queste creature si meritano un po' di pubblicità "scientifica". E io mi merito di divertirmi un po' a parlarne.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il risultato è qua di seguito.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Vita
da alga</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le
alghe campano bene. Quelle unicellulari fanno tutto quanto è
necessario nel loro piccolo, ma anche quelle pluricellulari hanno
pochi problemi: l'acqua, infatti, le sostiene, trasporta fino a loro
l'anidride carbonica e i sali minerali; al resto ci pensa il sole. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFIB4suwdqVC_Salrw3k5fNAwISS2fmHLBYkR3VCwddIPKM7_li49-YWK5tacimo6LX1u_R6nIbkWRsyq6PD1bBERpYUBsXDJ6EqttehzcQfLC0OpN_rVSaojLudBYq3N8k7QsziozGpw/s1600/alga+rossa+alimenia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFIB4suwdqVC_Salrw3k5fNAwISS2fmHLBYkR3VCwddIPKM7_li49-YWK5tacimo6LX1u_R6nIbkWRsyq6PD1bBERpYUBsXDJ6EqttehzcQfLC0OpN_rVSaojLudBYq3N8k7QsziozGpw/s1600/alga+rossa+alimenia.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">alga rossa: <a href="http://www.didascienze.it/regno_delle_piante.html">Alimenia</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le alghe, bisogna
riconoscerlo, fin dalla loro comparsa (le eucariote unicellulari
circa 1,5 miliardi di anni fa, le pluricellulari 700 milioni di anni
fa) si sono date un gran daffare, cambiando lentamente la qualità
della nostra atmosfera: l'ossigeno è uno dei prodotti della
fotosintesi, che </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">per i vegetali – </span></span>durante la sintesi di glucosio – è uno scarto. E
l'ossigeno, lentamente, 1) ha cominciato ad aumentare nell'atmosfera
fino ai livelli attuali, consentendo a</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;">gli
eterotrofi di inserirsi nella catena alimentare terrestre;
contemporaneamente 2) ha prodotto (venendo </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;">a
contatto con la radiazione ultravioletta della luce solare) ozono consentendo, quando
la concentrazione di ozono ha raggiunto livelli adeguati, il
diffondersi della vita sulla terraferma.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;">L'attuale percentuale di ossigeno atmosferico del pianeta
(21%) sembra un fatt'apposta: sotto il 15% la vita sarebbe
estremamente difficile, sopra il 25% basterebbe una piccola “miccia”
a provocare esplosioni in presenza di</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">materiali
particolarmente infiammabili, per esempio oli e gas.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;">Alla
conquista delle terre emerse</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Circa
425 milioni di anni fa i vegetali iniziarono la colonizzazione delle
terre emerse, e le cose per loro si fecero davvero difficili. L'alga,
dicevamo, non ha bisogno di sostegno, quindi di un fusto non se ne
farebbe nulla. Ma per le piante terrestri è tutta un'altra faccenda:
sulla terra, la gravità non è contrastata dalla spinta idrostatica,
quindi i vegetali pliricellulari avevano due alternative: rimboccarsi
le maniche e mettere insieme un fusto, oppure restare sdraiati. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh2XWzdfpKBzAueHnyFLSX1ePw7mjfQ0Qnunu7OrtNRGmTNgGw5kz0vP1-Fs9Cssj8pNIIasb9yjxkrt3WGZ3dTsV29fYPymM0rEPzTApOb3cnG7uATqsm9HoSHQkbLtMwkTb_wbL9EZE/s1600/muschi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh2XWzdfpKBzAueHnyFLSX1ePw7mjfQ0Qnunu7OrtNRGmTNgGw5kz0vP1-Fs9Cssj8pNIIasb9yjxkrt3WGZ3dTsV29fYPymM0rEPzTApOb3cnG7uATqsm9HoSHQkbLtMwkTb_wbL9EZE/s1600/muschi.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.scuolamontanarif.it/info/wp-content/uploads/regnovegetale/briofite.html">Briofita</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le
prime piante, ovvero le briofite (circa 10.000 specie), hanno scelto
la seconda opzione: sono piccole e prive di tessuti vascolari
lignificati, cioè non hanno fusto; l'incombenza di assorbire acqua
e i sali minerali viene sabrigata dall'intero organismo, per
capillarità. Prive di vasi legnosi, non possono contare su un sostegno e invece di svilupparsi in altezza restano di
dimensioni ridotte, crescendo in direzione orizzontale.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Particolare
interessante, quello che nei muschi, le briofite più evolute, può
sembrare un fusticino è il gametofito, cioè la fase aploide (quella
che ha solo un cromosoma per tipo invece della solita coppia come la stragrande maggioranza dei pluricellulari). </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Tutti
i vegetali comparsi dopo le briofite hanno scelto la prima
alternativa, dotandosi di un sistema vascolare. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">E
chi sono state le coraggiose innovatrici? Le pteridofite, ovvero
Felci e piante affini. </span></span>
</div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;">(1) </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: large;"><i><b>Diario di Oaxaca, </b></i></span>Oliver Sacks, Adelphi biblioteca 630, che ho recensito sulla <a href="http://librinuovi.net/5364/viaggio-in-un-altro-mondo-diario-di-oaxaca">rivistaonline LN-LibriNuovi)</a> </span></div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>Questo post è piuttosto lungo, la pubblicazione continuerà nei prossimi giorni.</i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i></span>
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<br /></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-76335540656345418152014-09-10T11:29:00.001-07:002014-09-10T11:29:27.254-07:00Sottile ma resistentissima, Come una tela di ragno<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp5fFwo9NPCmfVva10wA2lwuLbNfNl5SFN0aIFhCuh0lH3BQ_vw20Qw0QC9JB74ep-QVn0-IZzn4P76QGNo7al5ShIhkWoThl-iKBWBlqsqHLL4MPrMUI4vCb5ql4QbCwyCJL0H6AUOBI/s1600/WP_20140827_004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp5fFwo9NPCmfVva10wA2lwuLbNfNl5SFN0aIFhCuh0lH3BQ_vw20Qw0QC9JB74ep-QVn0-IZzn4P76QGNo7al5ShIhkWoThl-iKBWBlqsqHLL4MPrMUI4vCb5ql4QbCwyCJL0H6AUOBI/s1600/WP_20140827_004.jpg" height="640" width="360" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Questo
post ha una storia strana. Non è nato dalla lettura di un romanzo o
di un saggio ma da una piccola piacevole
esperienza estiva. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ho
trascorso una serena – anche se umida e piovosa – estate in
montagna, facendo lunghe passeggiate nei boschi in compagnia del consorte e
di Mirra, la mia compagnuccia canina. Siamo un trio collaudato,
ormai: la cana bada a se stessa e ficca il muso fra i cespugli alla
ricerca di mirtilli (pochissimi quest'anno), more e lamponi. Noi
pure, e al bottino aggiungiamo eventuali funghi. Gesti parchi, parole poche e
tanto silenzio. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ragni
e ragnatele sono incontri abituali, tanto che abbiamo soprannominato
uno dei nostri boschi preferiti «bosco dei ragni»; una
mattina, nella pausa tra un paio di rovesci di pioggia, ho notato
tantissime tele di ragno splendenti di gocce di pioggia. Non è
uno spettacolo insolito, lo so. Ma quel giorno mi è parso
particolarmente bello e io ero abbastanza in pace con me stessa da
dedicare tempo ad ammirarlo. Ho anche tentato di fotografarne
alcune, con esiti rudimentali, di cui sono stata abbastanza
soddisfatta fino al momento in cui, in rete, ho cercato altre
immagini. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Va
beh, sono molto meno di un fotografo dilettante. Ma sono le <i>mie
</i>ragnatele. Quelle dei ragni che ho conosciuto io, ecco.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Esplorando la rete alla ricerca di tele ho rintracciato informazioni e curiosità abbastanza interessanti da ripagare il mio tempo e da scriverci un post. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Tranquilli, aracnofobi!</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIV_8rEsPO6mR7xaCcJQnw5yi5SqgoFXEwT_tEZpp8TMNLNZynRQnq5H67uL6C3Va3HkbY3l-lgVpJobKxVsW7ZUfqRVTIniZ_WjMHsuYXDUlTcgufTBAMz5CsnLn6kDvpoXIbwanDMus/s1600/tigre_con_ragno_1953_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIV_8rEsPO6mR7xaCcJQnw5yi5SqgoFXEwT_tEZpp8TMNLNZynRQnq5H67uL6C3Va3HkbY3l-lgVpJobKxVsW7ZUfqRVTIniZ_WjMHsuYXDUlTcgufTBAMz5CsnLn6kDvpoXIbwanDMus/s1600/tigre_con_ragno_1953_b.jpg" height="268" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Antonio Ligabue:<i> Tigre con ragno</i>, 1953</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">So
per certo che anche tra i pochi che mi leggono ve ne sono, se non
altro perché le percentuali danno in proposito valori abbastanza
elevati: solo il 3 – 7 % degli individui provano fobie molto gravi verso gli aracnidi ma circa
</span><span style="font-size: large;">il 50% delle donne ed il 18% degli uomini manifesta una
generica «attivazione fisiologica» alla presenza di un ragno. La
mia nonna faceva sicuramente parte della prima categoria, tanto che
un semplice opilione la trasformava più o meno in una statua di sale. Ma, per giustizia, i tanto vituperati ragni dovrebbero almeno godere della stima di fobici di altro genere, come la mia amica che, terrorizzata
dalle vespe, li considera vere e proprie armi di difesa biologiche.
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Però, aracnofobi, le parole non zampettano qua e là e non tessono tele, quindi non fuggite ma continuate a leggere: vorrei, con la mia
prosa pacata e venata di sincero entusiasmo, se non convincervi che «ragno
è bello» almeno che i ragni sono fantastici
ingegneri e mirabili tessitori. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Proviamo?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>C'è
seta e seta</b> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Innanzitutto
ogni tela di ragno è composta di seta.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le
sete sono una categoria di sostanze formate per circa il 50% da un
polimero proteico denominato <i>fibroina</i>.
</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">E in due righe e mezza abbiamo già messo molta carne al fuoco. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Un polimero
è una macromolecola, ovvero una molecolona
costituita da un gran numero di gruppi molecolari più piccoli
(unità) legati «a catena» in maniera sempre uguale. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">In realtà, una
proteina non è un vero polimero, perché le sue unità (gli
aminoacidi) non sono tutte uguali, ma di una ventina di tipi diversi;
l'amido delle patate o del riso, quello sì che è un vero polimero,
fatto tutto di glucosio: glucosio-glucosio-glucosio-glucosio-.... </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ma
nelle sete gli aminoacidi sono principalmente glicina, alanina e
serina (il modo in cui si alternano determina il tipo di seta, ma
ciascun tipo di tela ha la propria struttura aminoacidica. Nella sete
che compongono le tele dei ragni l'altro 50% è costituito da
pirolidina, potassio idrogeno-fosfato e potassio nitrato. La
pirolidina è estremamente igroscopica (cioè assorbe moltissima acqua), il potassio idrogeno-fosfato
rende la tela acida e il potassio nitrato è un forte antibatterico.
Insieme queste tre componenti fanno sì che la ragnatela, pur
essendo proteica (e quindi assimilabile da altri organismi) non venga attaccata da
batteri e funghi.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">E
già questo non è poco. Ma c'è molto di più.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Una
tela di ragno è costituita da due tipi di seta. Un primo tipo di
filamento, rivestito da un liquido ghiandolare vischioso, serve al
ragno per intrappolare gli insetti. Il secondo è composto da un
particolare tipo di seta chiamata <i>dragline</i>
(<span style="font-style: normal;">filo teso</span>)
ed è un vero portento naturale, studiato da molti ricercatori per la
sua flessibilità, l'elasticità e la resistenza.
Questo filo ha una resistenza alla pressione 6 volte maggiore di
quella dell'acciaio.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ma
vah! Se basta un dito per rompere la tela! </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Vero, ma la tela non è densa come l'acciaio; a dimensione molecolare, tra i
fili vi sono enormi spazi vuoti. Quello che conta è il rapporto tra carico di
rottura e densità, e questo valore per la dragline di ragno è circa 4 volte
maggiore di quello di una fibra sintetica come il nylon. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La
seta <i>dragline</i> è costituita da due polimeri proteici simili ma
non identici, con molte sequenze ripetute, ricche in alanina,
glicina, glutamina e prolina; a una delle estremità dei polimeri sono presenti circa 100 residui amminoacidici non ripetuti e
altamente conservati durante l'evoluzione (segno che sono talmente
funzionali da non essere rimpiazzabili in maniera casuale da altri aminoacidi inseriti per errore) .</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Qui
occorre aprire una parentesi: La ragnatela non è una struttura
continua e la sua resistenza non può essere semplicemente paragonata
all'elasticità lineare dei materiali continui; ad esempio,
l'acciaio per molle – materiale continuo – segue una legge
lineare e la sua forza è proporzionale allo spostamento
(lineare-elastica); nel ferro e negli acciai più duttili, invece la
forza è proporzionale allo spostamento fino a un valore critico
oltre al quale lo spostamento cresce a forza costante
(elasto-plastica). Il segreto di un materiale non continuo come la
ragnatela sta nel comportamento «iper-elastico» del filo di seta. </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyViKNe_m0ACfU702W66dzXom5lUMd9RldgIfqwuyA1AgHcwgcMYIqSmK9n-x8lH2ZeXc_d2jZVHr-uex9566cWqdI3EtxgOEJN_PEJqRUVhgrEuex0hRFX-vrul5uA9eGCsQ5gLAMiEw/s1600/ara%C3%B1a+bauplan.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyViKNe_m0ACfU702W66dzXom5lUMd9RldgIfqwuyA1AgHcwgcMYIqSmK9n-x8lH2ZeXc_d2jZVHr-uex9566cWqdI3EtxgOEJN_PEJqRUVhgrEuex0hRFX-vrul5uA9eGCsQ5gLAMiEw/s1600/ara%C3%B1a+bauplan.png" height="320" width="310" /></a></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Il
filo </b></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">A
produrre le sete provvedono alcune ghiandole presenti all'interno
dell'opistosoma dei ragni. Se ne conoscono sette tipi diversi,
collegate con le ghiandole da dotti sottilissimi (che variano da due
a cinquantamila); ogni subordine di ragni ne possiede solo alcune,
di solito tre paia, ma alcuni ne possiedono solo uno e altri anche
quattro. Quando la seta è emessa all'esterno passa dallo stato
liquido a quello solido. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Per
avere informazioni molto dettagliate e belle immagini sulla
struttura della seta e delle filiere cliccate <a href="http://www.sulisuli.com/aracnidi/LaSeta.htm">qui</a>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>La
tessitura</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">E
ora vediamo com'è fatta una ragnatela, ad esempio quella del ragno
crociato.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Innanzitutto
c'è filo e filo: ci sono i cavi portanti radiali che hanno un ruolo
strutturale e non sono appiccicosi e quelli circonferenziali che
compongono la spirale, che sono appiccicosi e strutturalmente
diversi dai primi e da quelli usati per ancorare la tela al
substrato. Inoltre i fili di cattura possono essere semplicemente
adesivi o anche adesivi lanuginosi. Inoltre le classiche ragnatele a
foglio, cioè semplicemente bidimensionali, hanno al di sopra degli
agglomerati informi di seta che servono sia per disorientare
l'insetto, sia per proteggere il ragno da predatori come vespe e
piccoli uccelli. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Le
varie famiglie di ragni sostruiscono tele differenti: a foglio, a
groviglio, a imbuto, a spirale… Per vederne le immagini potete
cliccare <a href="http://www.lucianabartolini.net/pagina_ragnatele.htm">qui</a> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Il
ragno al lavoro</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il
ragno scende in caduta libera da un cavo che diventerà il punto di
partenza della costruzione. Giunto al punto giusto il ragno si lascia
dondolare al vento e quando gli arriva a tiro un altro buon punto di
ancoraggio fissa il suo cavo all'albero o al substrato che dovrà
reggere la tela. Quando i cavi portanti sono fissati il ragno
comincia a intrecciare i fili appiccicosi e dà forma alla
costruzione.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Per vedere un ragno al lavoro cliccate <a href="http://www.elyriva.ch/Ragno.html">qua</a>. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il
nostro ingegnoso ingegnere è in grado di costruire una tela già a
due settimane dalla nascita, prima che il suo SNC (sistema nervoso
centrale) sia completamente sviluppato.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Ma
perché sgobbare tanto?</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La
ragnatela è una risorsa molto duttile per i ragni che ne
costruiscono per vari scopi: la più nota è la cattura delle prede.
I ragni che le costruiscono sono molto sensibili alle vibrazioni e
localizzano velocemente le prede che si dibattono nella seta
appiccicosa, quindi provvedono a pungerle con i cheliceri velenosi e
poi a ricoprirle di fasce di seta per immobilizzarle. Poi le
consumano o le conservano per un pasto successivo. Ma la seta serve
anche a foderare i nidi dove i ragni sverneranno, a costruire specie
di vele per sfruttare il vento e spostarsi anche per decine e
centinaia di chilometri, a conservare le <a href="http://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=45485">uova</a> e,
prima ancora, a condurre a buon fine il corteggiamento della femmina,
offrendo prede incartate in una tela apposita. (<a href="http://forum.aracnofilia.org/topic/14792-accoppiamento-pisaura-cf-mirabilis/">Qui</a> per vedere foto davvero suggestive). </span></span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Il
ragno non butta via niente</b></span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">La
produzione delle sete è molto dispendiosa e comunque, dopo qualche
giorno, i fili adesivi perdono la loro vischiosità; la tela, inoltre
può essere gravemente lesionata da passanti sciagurati come noi
umani, grossi insetti, uccelli ecc. Quindi i ragni riciclano il
materiale rimangiandola, in fondo sono proteine, e digerendola,
indovinate, con un set di enzimi che utilizza anche per tagliare i
fili durante la costruzione. L'archifilo, comunque, cioè il primo
filo strutturale, viene riutilzzato per costruirne una nuova. </span></span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Antichi
tessitori</b> </span></span>
</div>
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</span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_msyIGIYh_HIVNrMAhDbN8KqJ-48CB-XZsHXR0Rr7-4E0uzlp6OG7ICwHKFbrp9SiJSHLasgbbnEvq1xdBAIEvjOo3Pa1jHj3SC79bPEFG9BNchMzXS5hpgYrgl5kidblLwOeKNM5H6M/s1600/4917441939_862c051299_z.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_msyIGIYh_HIVNrMAhDbN8KqJ-48CB-XZsHXR0Rr7-4E0uzlp6OG7ICwHKFbrp9SiJSHLasgbbnEvq1xdBAIEvjOo3Pa1jHj3SC79bPEFG9BNchMzXS5hpgYrgl5kidblLwOeKNM5H6M/s1600/4917441939_862c051299_z.jpg" height="225" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">cortesemente dal sito lickr.com</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Gli
araneidi – insieme a opilionidi, scorpioni, acari e numerosi altri
ordini – appartengono alla classe degli <span style="font-weight: normal;">Aracnidi</span>
(phylum degli artropodi), i primi animali a colonizzare le terre
emerse, e ne sono l'ordine più numeroso con 41.000 specie
classificate. </span></span>
</div>
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</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Strutturalmente
il loro corpo è suddiviso in due parti: prosoma anteriore e
opistosoma posteriore Possiedono un primo paio di appendici, i
cheliceri, con funzioni alimentari e di difesa, un secondo paio, i
pedipalpi con funzioni sensoriali, locomotorie, fossorie e
riproduttive. Le altre paia di appendici costituiscono sono le zampe
vere e proprie, con funzione ambulatoria.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Gli
araneidi sono un ordine molto antico, e risalgono al periodo
Devoniano, circa 400 milioni di anni fa. Si suppone che già allora
questi animali sapessero produrre dei fili di seta, ma fino a
pochissimo tempo fa le prove che i fili fossero adesivi risalivano
soltanto a 40 milioni di anni fa, riscontrati in un campione di
ambra del Baltico.</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ultimamente,
però, il dott. Zschokke dell'Università di Basilea ha segnalato su
<i>Nature</i> di agosto 2014 di aver identificato, in un campione di
ambra fossile libanese, un filo adesivo risalente a 130 milioni di
anni fa (Cretaceo inferiore) molto simile a quelli prodotti dai ragni
attuali, ricoperto di gocce di «colla» intrappolate nell'ambra; </span></span>
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</span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">… l'uso
di fili adesivi nelle ragnatele per catturare le proprie prede fu
un'innovazione determinante per i primi ragni e contribuì ampiamente
al loro successo ecologico…</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ha spiegato lo studioso nell'articolo.</span></span> <br />
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Vecchie
curiosità</b> </span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUENzZMymzZtMpZC3F_UdX46K1uGO2-gSdyL_-huF-QhtAmueEwV1fszweeHoO0xNXbFxIjsg8GYZta0oVMd7M-6xCQXwDDLgyvBiWCEh1Lc5TIGvMfEeFmfDjhWVx68kkEBuG9bpaR8/s1600/friularachne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUENzZMymzZtMpZC3F_UdX46K1uGO2-gSdyL_-huF-QhtAmueEwV1fszweeHoO0xNXbFxIjsg8GYZta0oVMd7M-6xCQXwDDLgyvBiWCEh1Lc5TIGvMfEeFmfDjhWVx68kkEBuG9bpaR8/s1600/friularachne.jpg" height="281" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Questo
è (anzi fu) </span><i>Friularachne, </i>un
ragno lungo meno di mezzo centimetro. Il fossile, ritrovato nei pressi di Udine, mostra appendici ambulatorie
sottili, cheliceri relativamente grandi e robusti e pedipalpi che permettono di identificarlo come
maschio adulto. <i>Friularachne</i>
viveva nelle isole di un mare tropicale poco profondo che copriva il
Friuli 215 milioni di anni fa. </span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyTqO35h7pKwMB_qRogemp6cVSACpt1DZRwryZkPxeekg_CpxLugpa9nT6VOQykNaA2l0_zT8Bt3MmipBtv9xA45m08Xv6o5aDu7-kfc197TCASt4jJoZ_qnPj454gSIhsZ4kYdYkj-B0/s1600/agguato+a+pred+di+ragno+100+milioni.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyTqO35h7pKwMB_qRogemp6cVSACpt1DZRwryZkPxeekg_CpxLugpa9nT6VOQykNaA2l0_zT8Bt3MmipBtv9xA45m08Xv6o5aDu7-kfc197TCASt4jJoZ_qnPj454gSIhsZ4kYdYkj-B0/s1600/agguato+a+pred+di+ragno+100+milioni.jpg" height="303" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Questa,
invece è </span></span>(riportata sul sito dell'<a href="http://www.ansa.it/scienza/notizie/rubriche/biotech/2012/10/10/-istantanea-100-milioni-anni-fa_7605778.html?idPhoto=1">Ansa</a>) una sorta di «istantanea»
intrappolata in una goccia di ambra ritrovata nel Myanmar. Il ragno,
un giovane maschio, sta cacciando una piccola vespa parassita.
L'intera scena risale a circa 100 milioni di anni fa ed è
contemporaneamente la più antica scena di caccia di un ragno e la
più antica dimostrazione di un comportamento sociale di un
araneide, in quanto la resina ha intrappolato anche i resti di un
secondo ragno che condivideva la medesima tela. Questo comportamento
è oggi molto raro ma praticato da alcune specie.</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Il
reperto è particolarmente interessante anche perché contiene </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">15
filamenti intatti di seta.</span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Esageriamo</b></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Con
quest'ultima segnalazione metterò alla prova il coraggio degli
aracnofobi, che comunque non devono preoccuparsi: gli avvistamenti di
questo genere sono rari e lontani. </span></span></span></b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />Nell'agosto
2007 nella riserva naturale del lago Tawakoni, in Texas, i visitatori
hanno scoperto un'enorme e intricata tela di ragno larga 180 metri.
La ragnatela copriva alberi alti anche cinque metri ed era talmente
fitta che le piante presentavano una vistosa defogliazione dovuta
all'impossibilità di ricevere luce solare sufficiente a svolgere la
fotosintesi. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></span></span>
</div>
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</span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS1EK5Tdp-q3uIuGbW0EQe44M4dV4UiPPeqZlJwATt6UcDsrA9g3kqJLtCLQamkdiBRUC577r8cpYDaGLAaX0qWRvMwZcsvNN1s_efVyTG8j_fqrKcqwn43T-mCJtMIjDwSmnGzuczAnw/s1600/tawakoni+megatela.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS1EK5Tdp-q3uIuGbW0EQe44M4dV4UiPPeqZlJwATt6UcDsrA9g3kqJLtCLQamkdiBRUC577r8cpYDaGLAaX0qWRvMwZcsvNN1s_efVyTG8j_fqrKcqwn43T-mCJtMIjDwSmnGzuczAnw/s1600/tawakoni+megatela.jpg" height="275" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Alcuni
degli entomologi accorsi a studiare il fenomeno hanno supposto che
la ragnatela fosse stata costruita da una comunità composta di varie
specie di ragni «sociali», capaci di collaborare, ma è più
probabile che la megatela sia stata un frutto del caso e delle
abbondanti piogge primaverili: al termine della stagione, le acque
si sarebbero ritirate mentre la temperatura media della zona
aumentava, trasformandola in un perfetto habitat per zanzare e
altri insetti. Richiamati da tanto ben di dio i ragni di varie specie
hanno cominciato a costruire ragnatele separate ma sempre più vicine
fino a confluire in una tela gigantesca. </span></span>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Avvistamenti
simili sono avvenuti anche in Pakistan e potrebbero avere il medesimo
genere di spiegazione.</span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">E per (quasi) finire, segnalo un sito davvero interessante e ricchissimo di materiali e informazioni.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Occhio, aracnofobi, qui i ragni si vedono proprio da vicino!</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Aracnofilia - Centro
Studi sugli Aracnidi <a href="http://www.aracnofilia.org/">www.aracnofilia.org</a>" </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ma se proprio non vi bastasse ancora, date un'occhiata qui!</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://cinebloggando.altervista.org/blog/10-film-con-ragni-giganti/">http://cinebloggando.altervista.org/blog/10-film-con-ragni-giganti/</a> </span></span></div>
S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2160586893179548475.post-67115919855107594792014-07-31T07:21:00.000-07:002014-07-31T07:21:05.707-07:00L'Oltremondo. Trance sciamanica e altri viaggi<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Lo
sciamanesimo è originariamente legato alle culture dei popoli
cacciatori-raccoglitori; è diffuso quasi ovunque nel mondo,
dall'Australia alle Americhe, con caratteristiche comuni.
Probabilmente anche le grandi civiltà hanno attraversato nel lontano
passato una fase «sciamanica», superandola durante la
trasformazione in società stanziali organizzate. </span></span></span>
</div>
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</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">La
vita dei cacciatori-raccoglitori è basata su un'economia di
sussistenza, sulla predizione e sul rapporto diretto con la natura.
Nella visione del mondo di queste società sono gli spiriti
ultraterreni a determinare la sorte e gli avvenimenti terreni; ogni
problema relativo a salute, riproduzione e sussistenza può quindi
essere risolto solo da qualcuno che abbia la capacità e i mezzi per
entrare in contatto con tali spiriti, affrontando un «<span style="font-style: normal;">viaggio</span>»
ultraterreno nel loro mondo. </span></span></span>
</div>
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</span></span>
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</div>
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</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Viaggio
o possessione?</b></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Secondo
Eliade lo sciamano è proprio colui che controlla gli spiriti e che,
attraverso il <i>viaggio, </i>visita l’Oltremondo. Al contrario, la
possessione consente agli spiriti di entrare nel nostro mondo per
controllare gli esseri umani. È comunque molto difficile individuare
una netta differenza tra possessione e pratiche sciamaniche: anche se
lo sciamano domina gli spiriti, essi spesso parlano per bocca sua,
danzano con il suo corpo e, in molte tradizioni, lo trasformano
addirittura in animale.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Non
si può diventare sciamani per scelta o attraverso un rito di
iniziazione; sono gli spiriti a «chiamare» il futuro sciamano,
sconvolgendo la sua vita e minando la sua integrità psico-fisica.
Rifiutare la chiamata è tuttavia molto pericoloso e potrebbe
condurre il chiamato alla follia e alla morte. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Lo
sciamano è un tramite tra il mondo terreno e quello ultraterreno.
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Il viaggio sciamanico è un</span>
viaggio onirico nell'Oltremondo che lo sciamano compie con varie
modalità. Le fasi caratteristiche del viaggio sono: </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">1)
la <span style="font-style: normal;"><u>trance</u></span>, cioè uno
stato psichico alterato – raggiunto in alcuni casi per mezzo di
allucinogeni – che dura per tutta la durata del "viaggio";
</span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">2)
la <u>metamorfosi</u>, cioè la trasformazione onirica dello sciamano
nell'animale che lo protegge e da cui deriva il proprio potere; </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">3)
il <u>combattimento</u> contro gli spiriti o contro altri sciamani; </span></span></span>
</div>
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</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">4)
Il <u>ritorno</u> nel nostro mondo con la soluzione del problema. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Lo
sciamano possiede facoltà innate o trasmesse e, durante la trance, è
un ponte fra le energie spirituali e quelle terrene, un canale della
volontà divina e delle forze della natura. Durante l'estasi egli
perde la propria personalità e diventa temporaneamente l'«altro»;
una forza (che può essere intesa sia come impersonale, sia come
spirito o come demone) si impadronisce di lui e gli consente di
influire sulla vita dei compagni. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNjrBniVj09rzAGlMTdHAq0n25TGthqKa_DSyv1ayru1a2qQW5c5_DZcksn7TRxo01Xsd_nkuN0Z2rwJsvqGdiNwaev1fXTmmF-pmQVWGkme_eqfruN-aci7E4SJYl38-0kZgAi-tq7gs/s1600/trance+da+preghiera+e+interiorizzazione.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNjrBniVj09rzAGlMTdHAq0n25TGthqKa_DSyv1ayru1a2qQW5c5_DZcksn7TRxo01Xsd_nkuN0Z2rwJsvqGdiNwaev1fXTmmF-pmQVWGkme_eqfruN-aci7E4SJYl38-0kZgAi-tq7gs/s1600/trance+da+preghiera+e+interiorizzazione.jpg" height="320" width="268" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: green; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Sciamana filippina raggiunge la trance attraverso meditazione e <span style="color: green;"><span style="color: black;"></span> </span>preghiera</span></span></span><i>. </i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Benché
spesso nelle società di caccia e raccolta gli sciamani siano di
sesso maschile, esistono numerosi esempi di sciamanesimo femminile,
in misura maggiore nelle società sedentarie, soprattutto agricole e
contadine. Molte caratteristiche dello sciamanesimo possono
appartenere sia agli uomini sia alle donne: sciamani di entrambi i
sessi suonano tamburi, intonano canti rituali e compiono guarigioni;
in alcune società (La tribù Huichol del Messico, ad esempio) gli
uomini sono per la maggior parte guaritori e ritualisti e le donne
artiste; essi operano insieme lungo sentieri paralleli e spesso
mariti e mogli seguono l’apprendistato per lo stesso periodo di
anni e si aiutano a vicenda. Tra gli Araucani del Cile, in Corea –
e un tempo in Cina, in Giappone e in India – gli sciamani sono
donne. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">In
realtà lo sciamanesimo opera nel regno del femminino. Gli sciamani
pregano la Madre degli Animali o la Madre di tutte le cose, la Madre
Oscura, la Nonna della Crescita, la Dea della Morte o qualche altra
manifestazione divina femminile in quanto potere oscuro, magico e
guaritore.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<h2 align="JUSTIFY" class="western">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Diffusione
dello sciamanesimo</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></h2>
<h2 align="JUSTIFY" class="western">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Esistono
diverse teorie per spiegare la diffusione quasi globale dello
sciamanesimo, le principali sono:</span></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<ol>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">La
cosiddetta teoria diffusionista, ipotizza che il fenomeno, nato
presso un popolo, si sia diffuso da un popolo all'altro, da un luogo
all'altro. </span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">La
teoria della derivazione da una fonte comune, ipotizza cioè che
ogni popolazione abbia attinto alla stessa fonte. </span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">La
cosiddetta teoria strutturalista, ipotizza che il fenomeno sia sorto
contemporaneamente in vari luoghi e presso varie popolazioni perché
innato nella struttura mentale umana. </span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Per
quanto riguarda eventuali percorsi geografici di tale diffusione, lo
sciamanesimo siberiano è considerato dagli studiosi il meno
contaminato da altre culture. I cacciatori-raccoglitori del
paleolitico utilizzarono lo Stretto di Bering, spesso ghiacciato,
per penetrare dall'Asia settentrionale nel continente americano,
mentre 53.000 anni prima della nostra era essi giunsero fino in
Australia dal sud-est dell'Asia; gli attuali aborigeni sono i loro
diretti discendenti.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>C'è trance e trance</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">La
parola trance deriva dal latino <i>transire</i>, «passare,
transitare». La dissociazione è uno stato tipico della trance e, in
questa accezione, indica particolari alterazioni dell’esperienza
fenomenica o stati di alterazione di coscienza caratterizzati dal
senso di scollegamento, mancata integrazione e connessione con se
stessi o con l’ambiente esterno e con ciò che in esso accade.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Durante
la trance avvengono tipiche e importanti modificazioni dello stato di
coscienza, di sensazioni, percezioni, attenzione, memoria, pensiero,
emozioni e di vari parametri fisiologici. La trance può essere
spontanea o indotta. Vengono riconosciuti alcuni tipi di trance.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>1.
Trance ipnotica </b></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Z1sIHuwkJBToL-OrV26IOkcO70uWpeNHreBiTjspi3GP1ddGAqwEQGLwA9-P6O7xWlpLtJgp8QEtjc-97wwE-CtidmttMIlA5eJwGFV7vTxo1FiA6_xzH6ue3JrBeCFQMaNkZ2YXIPM/s1600/pollock-jackson-composition.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-Z1sIHuwkJBToL-OrV26IOkcO70uWpeNHreBiTjspi3GP1ddGAqwEQGLwA9-P6O7xWlpLtJgp8QEtjc-97wwE-CtidmttMIlA5eJwGFV7vTxo1FiA6_xzH6ue3JrBeCFQMaNkZ2YXIPM/s1600/pollock-jackson-composition.jpg" height="400" width="235" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Composition</i> di J.Pollock. che spesso dipingeva in uno stato di trance</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">È
indotta dall'ipnotista con speciali tecniche e modalità verbali e
provoca modificazioni psicofisiche. Soggetti molto allenati sono in
grado di autoindurre la trance (autoipnosi). La trance ipnotica
procede seguendo alcuni livelli di intensità: a) <u>stadio</u> <u>oniroide</u>
(torpore, rilassamento, immagini mentali); b) <u>trance</u> <u>leggera</u>
(catalessi delle palpebre, immobilità corporea, pesantezza); c)
<u>trance</u> <u>media</u> (levitazione, catalessi, movimenti rotatori delle
braccia, anestesia e analgesia parziali, allucinazioni semplici); d)
<u>trance</u> <u>profonda</u> (amnesia postipnotica, anestesia e analgesia
generalizzate, comandi postipnotici, regressione d'età); e) <u>trance</u>
<u>sonnambolica</u> (trance a occhi aperti, allucinazioni sonnamboliche,
amnesia al risveglio, anche per le suggestioni post-ipnotiche che
possono scattare molto tempo dopo). </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Caratteristica
costante della trance ipnotica è la scissione tra mente cosciente
che contempla ciò che le accad<span style="color: black;">e </span><span style="color: black;"><span lang="it-IT">
e mente subconscia che dirige gli automatismi motori, le alterazioni
sensoriali, le modificazioni delle funzioni mnestiche e percettive.
Il soggetto modifica lo schema corporeo e risponde agli stimoli
esterni e interni </span></span><span lang="it-IT">in maniera
completamente diversa da quella usuale. </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">N.B.
La <i>catalessi</i> è una condizione fisiologica prodotta dalla
tonicità bilanciata dei muscoli agonisti e antagonisti; è proprio
questo equilibrio tra l'azione dei due tipi di muscolo a consentire
al soggetto in trance di rimanere immobile a lungo e senza fatica. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>2.
Trance estatica e medianica</b> </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Negli
ultimi anni sono state condotte ricerche accurate anche in ambiti un
tempo ritenuti non scientifici, come quello mistico e quello
parapsicologico. Studi rigorosi condotti per lungo tempo sui
parametri fisiologici e psicologici dei veggenti di Medjugorie hanno
portato a definire la trance estatica caratterizzata in particolare
dall'isolamento delle vie sensitive dall'ambiente esterno e dalla
loro integrità durante tutto il processo estatico. </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXtsFB3_OqdDGynw8QDsnHpx0DUUpRdjO1K6rkBfuqbWCQ6Uev6HZCDTRbU6ysqKl8yb-eLpEGqmySk5_ULj697xYTE6uBV1v5DFWMaeO5H8VTDzkidDmXkf2ahQO7YE7HQbtHP2in_0/s1600/veggenti+e+slavko02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXtsFB3_OqdDGynw8QDsnHpx0DUUpRdjO1K6rkBfuqbWCQ6Uev6HZCDTRbU6ysqKl8yb-eLpEGqmySk5_ULj697xYTE6uBV1v5DFWMaeO5H8VTDzkidDmXkf2ahQO7YE7HQbtHP2in_0/s1600/veggenti+e+slavko02.jpg" height="237" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">i <a href="http://www.reginamundi.info/medjugorje/storia.asp">veggenti</a> di </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Medjugorie </span>sul Podbrdo
con Padre Slavko</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il fenomeno può
essere descritto come un intenso stato di preghiera separato dal
mondo esterno, e di comunicazione coerente e sana con una persona
distinta che solo i veggenti vedono, odono e possono toccare. Anche
lo studio della trance medianica ha dato risultati interessanti
evidenziando durante la trance condizioni di veglia attenta e di
attenzione chiaramente focalizzata ad occhi aperti. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>3.
trance sciamanica</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3lXWubrFq2n7PW6rgfotlrsfgQED5jYfCx0QGE8lsU6WOIlf6VzUVNTAPx1xYdM4gyftN8-3kbJpY2UkoI52yTqXSnZNjaB3p-XGoDZNdR_cJYR5QpWYXqwWdROmRi5R4kbvvWD6zgy4/s1600/noaidi.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3lXWubrFq2n7PW6rgfotlrsfgQED5jYfCx0QGE8lsU6WOIlf6VzUVNTAPx1xYdM4gyftN8-3kbJpY2UkoI52yTqXSnZNjaB3p-XGoDZNdR_cJYR5QpWYXqwWdROmRi5R4kbvvWD6zgy4/s1600/noaidi.jpg" height="400" width="235" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sciamano sami con il suo tamburo</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">È
raggiungibile mediante <a href="http://digilander.libero.it/initlabor/musica-trance/musica-sciamanesimo.html">suoni</a> a bassa frequenza prodotti soprattutto
da tamburi e sonagli, e provoca fenomeni allucinatori
anche in situazioni di scarsa profondità. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">È probabile che, in tali
condizioni psicofisiche, il cervello produca spontaneamente alcune
sostanze allucinogene endogene, trasfor- mando così le percezioni
interne in una specie di vissuto onirico. </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b>4.
Trance psicopatologica</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">È
definibile come uno stato involontario di trance che abbia le
seguenti caratteristiche: </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1)
nella comunità socio-culturale del soggetto non si ritenuta una
pratica culturale o religiosa «normale»;</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">2)
provochi un disagio clinicamente significativo o una menomazione
funzionale. </span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">Ulteriori
informazioni sull'argomento in:</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.psicoterapia.it/rubriche/approfondimenti/template.asp?cod=11534">Qui1</a></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: black;">
<a href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/trance_%28Universo_del_Corpo%29/">Qui2</a></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.ipnoguida.net/profonda-ipnosi/">Qui3</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></span>S_3veshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01780393579559544004noreply@blogger.com0